Gris Grimly’s Frankenstein by Mary Shelley” Essay

Robert Walton writes numerous letters to his sister, who is presently in England about his endeavors at the North Pole. He is currently stuck as the water has since been overridden by ice, making it impossible for him and his crew to continue his dangerous mission. Although his progress was positive at the beginning, he is now unable to move forward because of the ice. It is during this period that the captain meets with Victor, who has been weakened by the ice and is almost dead of cold. Walton the nurses Victor back to health, and hears the tale about the monster that victor has created. Victor, who is a brilliant man, has discovered the secret of life itself and had consequently created his own monster, but as a result of his actions, he fears that the monster will ruin the lives of the people he cares about as well as his. Character Development, Victor, his Father and the Monster                   At the beginning, Victor is an innocent loving boy who is full of life and surrounded by loved ones. As a young boy, he lives with his father, plays with his brother and friend and also loves his future wife Elizabeth. The turn of events occurs when victor’s brilliance in chemistry and his curiosity about life forces him to reanimate a dead body. Throughout the novel, victor changes step by step and the grief he encounters due to the loss of loved ones fuel his heart with hate and remorse. From a young scientist filled with prospects of great future to a guilt-ridden man filled with anger and revenge. As a young boy, victor spent his youth in Geneva. His life as a young person was fulfilling with the loving accompany of his loving sister Elizabeth and his best friend Henry. Upon being of age, Victor enrolls at the University of Ingolstadt, where he studies chemistry and natural philosophy. Being a curios and brilliant person, he is overwhelmed by the unknown knowledge of life and, therefore, revolts his life to finding the true origin of life. Victor then spends his whole time in research with the hope to discover the secret of life. After many years of research, he is able to discover the basics of life. According to (Janowitz and William 938), Victor’s ambition to create life blinds the moral obligations that he should have felt about creating a monster without human emotion and characteristics. Notable, Victor does not evaluate the consequences that might arise as a result of his action. He just spends time creating a creature with the knowledge that he has gained. He uses dead parts of a human body to put together the creature and reanimates him later. The creature, however, does not look as appealing as he expected. The sight of him fills Victor with horror and disgust. Victor is disappointed with his work and becomes contemptuous of the creature. With the creature trying to understand the meaning of the behavior being exhibited by his creator, victor becomes more afraid and runs from him scared and remorseful. According to Vargo (417) the use of dead parts to create a living thing sheds message that the expected creation would not behavior like a normal person. Victor should have recognized that his endeavor would only lead to more death. After creation of the monster, he feels remorseful and decides to return home. Woolley (46) observes that his wish to return home would maybe reconnect him after losing touch with humanity. So, he decides that since the monster has disappeared, he should also return to his family to nurse his remorse and poor health back to normal. However, victor receives an unexpected letter from his father explaining that his brother has been murdered. Victor now rushes home, remorseful as ever to support his family at this moment of grief. As he is about to arrive, he sees the monster he created looming the woods where is brother was killed. With this knowledge, Victor believes that the monster must have killed him. To make matters worse, Victor arrives to find that his adopted sister, a gentle and kind person, is being accused of the crime that his monster dis. She is consequently executed although Victor knows the real murderer. Victor now grows more remorseful and guilty for his actions becaus e he knows that his actions have led t the death of two of his beloved ones. According to 5865, this is the point where Victor begins to get sense of the consequences of his actions. He created death, so death follows him. Levine (490) notes that people tend to run away from their actions’ outcomes after they see that they are not desirable. Instead of dealing with the situation, Victor grief overpowers him and he is unable to withstand the sorrow at his home at Geneva. He decides that it is best to stay away from home by taking a vacation in the mountains; since he knows that the monster is probably tracking him; he knows that by staying away from home the monster would also follow him, and leave the family alone. While at the mountains, the monster approaches Victor and tries to beg for attention. It is evident that the monster is disappointed by the fact that Victor left it after creation. He admits to killing Victor’s brother, and asks that Victor understand his reasons. He says that the death of Victor’s brother William was a payback for leaving him to rot. With this, he asks victor to create another one like him so that he can be happy around someone who understood him, and w ho would not abandon him like Victor did. He says; â€Å"‘I am alone and miserable: man will not associate with me; but one as deformed and horrible as myself would not deny herself to me. My companion must be of the same species and have the same defects. This being you must create'† (Shelley and Maurice 129). His action of acting god, which is pure inhumanness, haunts him from the moment he creates the monster. His obsession to act as a creator finally ruins his life as well as the lives of the people that he cares about. Eventually, Victor changes from a human with feelings to become a person without feelings just as the creature that he created. The basics of human feeling are family and friends. The monster, seeing that victor does not care about him, sought to make him like he is, in an effort to make Victor understand the situation of being in solitude. With this, Victor falls for the monsters please and weighs the odds of creating a second monster, and refuses to grant the creature his wish to have a companion. However, the monster pleads and persuades him until he agrees to make the second, female monster to act as a companion to the first monster. He takes his friend Henry and return to England to prepare the necessary materials and information required for the creation of the female monster. Victor starts the work at a secluded island in company of the monster and is almost done when he feels that his actions are against moral expectations. He, therefore, destroys his progress attracting an outrage from the monster who in turn vows to destroy everything he loves. He even swears to kill Victor’s lover during his wedding night. In this, it is evident that Victor realized and regained his moral ground way too late. At this point, he will have to endure consequences for his actions (Vargo 419). The fist revenge the monster has on victor is killing of his best friend, Henry. When Victor travels to dump the remains of the second monster, He returns in the morning only to be arrested and accused of murdering his own friend. This occurrence finally drives victor to the edge. Losing his humanity is the only thing preventing Victor from becoming the monster he has created (Choice Reviews Online 32). He realizes that Henry was killed by the monster after the fallout they had the previous day. Although he denies having killed his friend, Victor is imprisoned for the time being as investigations are conducted. Overcome by grief of losing the people that he loved the most due to the consequences of his actions, Victor falls sick in the prisons where he is nursed back to health and acquitted. At this point, Victor returns with his father to Geneva, and marries the woman he loves, Elizabeth. (Woolley 50) notes that Elizabeth and Victor’s father are the only things holding him from truly becoming a monster. The monster knows that killing Victor wife would bring them closer. However, although he still remembers the words of the monster about visiting him on his wedding night and sends his bride away to avoid a confrontation. Despite this, the monster catches up with Elizabeth and kills her. At this point, Victor’s father, who has lost many people as well is unable to overcome his grief and dies shortly after the death of Elizabeth. Having lost his wife, his brother, his sister, his father and also his friend to the monster, he vows that it is time to exact revenge. Victor’s father, who was his source of comfort, is now dead, and so are his advices and encouragement. The hunter becomes the hunted as he runs from Victor, who is now murderous after losing his family and friends to the monster. Victor has not undergone a complete metamorphosis and turned into a monster. With no family, friends or siblings, Victor is now as lonely as the monster. The grief, anger, pain and remorse have now exhausted his feeling and behavior of a human being. At one point he almost gets to him but the monster is saved by the sea as the ice cracks and separates them with a gap. At this point, Victor is found by the captain Walton, as he travels through the ice and is almost dead of cold. This story, as the writer intends, enables the reader to have multiple interpretations of the actions of Victor. With these, the reader can decide either to think that Victor was a mad scientist, who crossed human boundaries without concern or an adventurer who lack responsibility of his actions. Either way, the reader can related to the process of Victor turning into his own creation. When Walton meets Victor, he is weak and almost dead of cold for travelling many days in the ice. Unlike the monster, he is human and unable to endure the cold. Walton tries his best to nurse Victor but later he succumbs to death. Walton, having heard the stories of the monster’s cruel acts is astonished to find him weeping over Victor’s body. He tells Walton that now that Victor is dead, he has no one else in this world. He recounts is suffering, remorse, solitude and hatred and concludes that he can now die as his creator has. At this point, he departs to the northernmost cold region to die. It is at this point that the reader finally experiences the solitude of the creature. The creature is Victor’s creation, gathered from old body parts and weird chemicals, energized by a puzzling flash. He enters life as a grown up and immensely strong yet with the psyche of an infant. Relinquished by his maker and befuddled, he tries to bond himself into society, just to be disregarded by everyone. Looking in the mirror, he understands his physical bizarreness, a part of his being that blinds world to his delicate, innocent nature. He mentions that; â€Å"‘When I looked around I saw and heard of none like me. Was I, the, a monster, a blot upon the earth from which all men fled and whom all men disowned?'† (Shelley and Maurice 105 Looking for reprisal on his maker, he executes Victor’s youthful sibling. After Victor wrecks his work on the female beast intended to facilitate the creature’s acceptance to the society, the beast murders Victor’s closest companion and afterward his wife Elizabeth. While Victor feels great disdain for his creation, the beast demonstrates that he is not a malicious being. The creature’s articulate portrayal of occasions (as given by Victor) uncovers his surprising affection and kindheartedness. He helps a gathering of poor laborers and saves a young lady from drowning, but since of his outward appearance, he is remunerated just with beatings and disdain; torn in the middle of vindictiveness and empathy, the beast winds up forlorn and tormented by regret. Indeed the demise of his inventor turned-would-be-destroyer offers just ambivalent alleviation: delight on the grounds that Victor has created him so much enduring, trouble on the grounds that Victor is the main individual with whom he has had any kind of relationship. Conclusion                   In conclusion, the characters of Victor and his father are different from that of the monster, which has no family and friends. The only person who understood his existence, his creator Victor turned his back on him after he created him. Victor realized that his actions were immoral and that he was not supposed to create a monster. The plot develops the character of both Victor and his father to align with that of the monster. With time, the monster ruins the life of Victor just as his suspected by killing his family and best friend. In the end, Victor is filled with hate, remorse and anger just like the monster and dies a bitter man. References Coats, Karen. â€Å"Gris Grimly’s Frankenstein by Mary Shelley.† Bulletin of the Center for Children’s Books: 113-14. Print. Janowitz, Anne F., and William Veeder. â€Å"Mary Shelley and Frankenstein: The Fate of Androgyny.† The Modern Language Review: 938. Print. Levine, George. â€Å"Mary Shelley: Collected Tales and Stories. Charles E. Robinson Mary Shelley’s Monster: The Story of â€Å"Frankenstein.† Martin Tropp.† Nineteenth-Century Fiction: 486-91. Print. Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Maurice Hindle. Frankenstein, Or, The Modern Prometheus. Rev. ed. London: Penguin, 2003. Print. â€Å"The Other Mary Shelley: Beyond Frankenstein.† Choice Reviews Online (1994): 31-36. Print. Vargo, Lisa. â€Å"Mary Shelley Studies: From â€Å"Author of Frankenstein† To â€Å"the Great Work Of Life†Ã¢â‚¬  Literature Compass: 417-28. Print. Woolley, Rachel. â€Å"Syndy M. Conger, Frederick S. Frank, and Gregory O’Dea, Eds., Iconoclastic Departures: Mary Shelley After ‘Frankenstein’ – Essays in Honor of the Bicentenary of Mary Shelley’s Birth. Madison and London: Associated University Presses, 1997. ISBN: 0-8386-36.† Romanticism on the Net. Print. Source document

The Conviction of George Burroughs

The reading by Johnson starts out with a married lady by the name of Katherine Watkins complaining of rape by a black slave. Throughout the remainder of this section, depositions are given by other black slaves and people who claim to have witnessed the occurrence. Most of the accounts indicate that Mrs. Watkins seduced the slave into a sexual act and then blamed it on him in order to stay out of the trouble that her Quaker husband†s beliefs would have brought on her. The other section in this book is the sermon by John Winthrop entitled, A Model of Christianity. Two rules by which all men should abide, he says, are to show mercy and do justice. Among many other good deeds, he preaches love among Christians, performing service for the Lord, having unity and conformity in the community, and strict obedience to God†s word lest some punishment befall you. The handout given in class deals with the issue of homosexuality and the punishments for sodomy and buggery. The reading by Marcus was solely concentrated on the Salem Witch Trials. A former minister, George Burroughs, is accused of witchcraft and much of the section deals with people who claimed to have been bewitched by him. There are a couple of letters by Cotton Mather explaining the difficulty of the witchcraft trials and his defense of the conviction of George Burroughs. The rest of this reading is letters of confession by the accused and more letters relating to the trials. The role of Colonial women in society is given an in depth look in the segment by Graebner. In these days, the husband was seen as the supreme head of the family and women were basically domestic. Women were basically known only as the wife of their husbands and often helped them with their business affairs. Eventually, a minimal level of trade arose among women in the village, but nothing big enough to trigger a large outbreak of feminism at that time. A women†s role in society can basically be summed up in this quote, â€Å"The economic roles of married women were based upon two potentially conflicting values – gender specialization and identity of interest. A wife was expected to become expert in the management of a household and the care of children, but she was also asked to assist in the economic affairs of her husband, becoming his representative and even his surrogate if circumstances demanded it. Three concepts that were all tied together in Colonial America were sin, legality, and community. Their definitions of sin were taken before a jury for the proper punishment, and thus their sense of community was being broken down by the fact that so many people were being sentenced and punished for the sins that the legal system found them guilty of.

The Lost Duke of Wyndham Chapter Fifteen

In his wanderings at Belgrave, Jack had, during a rainstorm that had trapped him indoors, managed to locate a collection of books devoted to art. It had not been easy; the castle boasted two separate libraries, and each must have held five hundred volumes at least. But art books, he noticed, tended to be oversized, so he was able to make his task a bit easier by searching out the sections with the tallest spines. He pulled out these books, perused them and, after some trial and error, found what he was looking for. He didn't particularly wish to remain in the library, however; he'd always found it oppressive to be surrounded by so many books. So he'd gathered up those that looked the most interesting and took them to his new favorite room – the cream and gold drawing room at the back of the castle. Grace's room. He would never be able to think of it as anything else. It was to this room that he retreated after his embarrassing encounter with Grace in the great hall. He did not like to lose his temper; to be more precise, he loathed it. He sat there for hours, tucked into place at a reading table, occasionally rising to stretch his legs. He was on his final volume – a study of the French rococo style – when a footman walked by the open doorway, stopped, then backed up. Jack looked back at him, arching a brow in question, but the young man said nothing, just scurried off in the direction from which he'd come. Two minutes later Jack was rewarded for his patience by the sound of feminine footsteps in the hall. Grace's footsteps. He pretended to be engrossed in his book. â€Å"Oh, you're reading,† she said, sounding surprised. He carefully turned a page. â€Å"I do so on occasion.† He could practically hear her roll her eyes as she walked in. â€Å"I've been looking everywhere for you.† He looked up and affixed a smile. â€Å"And yet here I am.† She stood hesitantly in the doorway, her hands clasped tightly before her. She was nervous, he realized. He hated himself for that. He tilted his head in invitation, motioning to the chair beside him. â€Å"What are you reading?† she asked, coming into the room. He turned his book toward the empty seat at the table. â€Å"Have a look.† She did not sit immediately. Rather, she rested her hands at the edge of the table and leaned forward, peering down at the open pages. â€Å"Art,† she said. â€Å"My second favorite subject.† She gave him a shrewd look. â€Å"You wish for me to ask you what your favorite is.† â€Å"Am I so obvious?† â€Å"You are only obvious when you wish to be.† He held up his hands in mock dismay. â€Å"And alas, it still doesn't work. You have not asked me what my favorite subject is.† â€Å"Because,† she returned, sitting down, â€Å"I am quite certain the answer will contain something highly inappropriate.† He placed one hand on his chest, the dramatic gesture somehow restoring his equilibrium. It was easier to play the jester. No one expected as much from fools. â€Å"I am wounded,† he proclaimed. â€Å"I promise you, I was not going to say that my favorite subject was seduction, or the art of a kiss, or the proper way to remove a lady's glove, or for that matter the proper way to remove – â€Å" â€Å"Stop!† â€Å"I was going to say,† he said, trying to sound beleaguered and henpecked, â€Å"that my favorite subject of late is you.† Their eyes met, but only for a moment. Something unnerved her, and she quickly shifted her gaze to her lap. He watched her, mesmerized by the play of emotions on her face, by the way her hands, which were clasped together atop the table, tensed and moved. â€Å"I don't like this painting,† she said quite suddenly. He had to look back at the book to see which image she referred to. It was a man and a woman out of doors, sitting on the grass. The woman's back was to the canvas, and she seemed to be pushing the man away. Jack was not familiar with it, but he thought he recognized the style. â€Å"The Boucher?† â€Å"Ye – no,† she said, blinking in confusion as she leaned forward. She looked down. â€Å"Jean-Antoine Watteau,† she read. â€Å"The Faux Pas.† He looked down more closely. â€Å"Sorry,† he said, his voice light. â€Å"I'd only just turned the page. I think it does look rather like a Boucher, though. Don't you?† She gave a tiny shrug. â€Å"I'm not familiar enough with either artist to say. I did not study painting – or painters – very much as a child. My parents weren't overly interested in art.† â€Å"How is that possible?† She smiled at that, the sort of smile that was almost a laugh. â€Å"It wasn't so much that they weren't interested, just that they were interested in other things more. I think that above all they would have loved to travel. Both of them adored maps and atlases of all sorts.† Jack felt his eyes roll up at that. â€Å"I hate maps.† â€Å"Really?† She sounded stunned, and maybe just a little bit delighted by his admission. â€Å"Why?† He told her the truth. â€Å"I haven't the talent for reading them.† â€Å"And you, a highwayman.† â€Å"What has that to do with it?† â€Å"Don't you need to know where you're going?† â€Å"Not nearly so much as I need to know where I've been.† She looked perplexed at that, so he added, â€Å"There are certain areas of the country – possibly all of Kent, to be honest – it is best that I avoid.† â€Å"This is one of those moments,† she said, blinking several times in rapid succession, â€Å"when I am not quite certain if you are being serious.† â€Å"Oh, very much so,† he told her, almost cheerfully. â€Å"Except perhaps for the bit about Kent.† She looked at him in incomprehension. â€Å"I might have been understating.† â€Å"Understating,† she echoed. â€Å"There's a reason I avoid the South.† â€Å"Good heavens.† It was such a ladylike utterance. He almost laughed. â€Å"I don't think I have ever known a man who would admit to being a poor reader of maps,† she said once she regained her composure. He let his gaze grow warm, then hot. â€Å"I told you I was special.† â€Å"Oh, stop.† She wasn't looking at him, not directly, at least, and so she did not see his change of expression. Which probably explained why her tone remained so bright and brisk as she said, â€Å"I must say, it does complicate matters. The dowager asked me to find you so that you could aid with our routing once we disembark in Dublin.† He waved a hand. â€Å"That I can do.† â€Å"Without a map?† â€Å"We went frequently during my school days.† She looked up and smiled, almost nostalgically, as if she could see into his memories. â€Å"I'd wager you were not the head boy.† He lifted a brow. â€Å"Do you know, I think most people would consider that an insult.† Her lips curved and her eyes glowed with mischief. â€Å"Oh, but not you.† She was right, of course, not that he was going to let her know it. â€Å"And why would you think that?† â€Å"You would never want to be head boy.† â€Å"Too much responsibility?† he murmured, wondering if that was what she thought of him. She opened her mouth, and he realized that she'd been about to say yes. Her cheeks turned a bit pink, and she looked away for a moment before answering. â€Å"You are too much of a rebel,† she answered. â€Å"You would not wish to be aligned with the administration.† â€Å"Oh, the administration,† he could not help but echo with amusement. â€Å"Don't make fun of my choice of words.† â€Å"Well,† he declared, arching one brow. â€Å"I do hope you realize you are saying this to a former officer in His Majesty's army.† This she dismissed immediately. â€Å"I should have said that you enjoy styling yourself as a rebel. I rather suspect that at heart you're just as conventional as the rest of us.† He paused, and then: â€Å"I hope you realize you are saying this to a former highwayman on His Majesty's roads.† How he said this with a straight face, he'd never know, and indeed it was a relief when Grace, after a moment of shock, burst out laughing. Because really, he didn't think he could have held that arch, offended expression for one moment longer. He rather felt like he was imitating Wyndham, sitting there like such a stick. It unsettled the stomach, really. â€Å"You're dreadful,† Grace said, wiping her eyes. â€Å"I try my best,† he said modestly. â€Å"And this† – she wagged a finger at him, grinning all the while – â€Å"is why you will never be head boy.† â€Å"Good God, I hope not,† he returned. â€Å"I'd be a bit out of place at my age.† Not to mention how desperately wrong he was for school. He still had dreams about it. Certainly not nightmares – it could not be worth the energy. But every month or so he woke up from one of those annoying visions where he was back at school (rather absurdly at his current age of eight-and-twenty). It was always of a similar nature. He looked down at his schedule and suddenly realized he'd forgotten to attend Latin class for an entire term. Or arrived for an exam without his trousers. The only school subjects he remembered with any fondness were sport and art. Sport had always been easy. He need only watch a game for a minute before his body knew instinctively how to move, and as for art – well, he'd never excelled at any of the practical aspects, but had always loved the study of it. For all the reasons he'd talked about with Grace his first night at Belgrave. His eyes fell on the book, still open on the table between them. â€Å"Why do you dislike this?† he asked, motioning to the painting. It was not his favorite, but he did not find anything to offend. â€Å"She does not like him,† she said. She was looking down at the book, but he was looking at her, and he was surprised to see that her brow was wrinkled. Concern? Anger? He could not tell. â€Å"She does not want his attentions,† Grace continued. â€Å"And he will not stop. Look at his expression.† Jack peered at the image a little more closely. He supposed he saw what she meant. The reproduction was not what he would consider superior, and it was difficult to know how true it was to the actual painting. Certainly the color would be off, but the lines seemed clear. He supposed there was something insidious in the man's expression. Still†¦ â€Å"But couldn't one say,† he asked, â€Å"that you are objecting to the content of the painting and not the painting itself?† â€Å"What is the difference?† He thought for a moment. It had been some time since anyone had engaged him in what might be termed intellectual discourse. â€Å"Perhaps the artist wishes to invoke this response. Perhaps his intention is to portray this very scene. It does not mean that he endorses it.† â€Å"I suppose.† Her lips pressed together, the corners tightening in a manner that he'd not seen before. He did not like it. It aged her. But more than that, it seemed to call to the fore an unhappiness that was almost entrenched. When she moved her mouth like that – angry, upset, resigned – it looked like she would never be happy again. Worse, it looked like she accepted it. â€Å"You do not have to like it,† he said softly. Her mouth softened but her eyes remained clouded. â€Å"No,† she said, â€Å"I don't.† She reached forward and flipped the page, her fingers changing the subject. â€Å"I have heard of Monsieur Watteau, of course, and he may be a revered artist, but – Oh!† Jack was already smiling. Grace had not been looking at the book as she'd turned the page. But he had. â€Å"Oh my†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Now that's a Boucher,† Jack said appreciatively. â€Å"It's not†¦I've never†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Her eyes were wide – two huge blue moons. Her lips were parted, and her cheeks†¦He only just managed to resist the urge to fan her. â€Å"Marie-Louise O'Murphy,† he told her. She looked up in horror. â€Å"You know her?† He shouldn't have laughed, but truly, he could not help it. â€Å"Every schoolboy knows her. Of her,† he corrected. â€Å"I believe she passed on recently. In her dotage, have no fear. Tragically, she was old enough to be my grandmother.† He gazed down fondly at the woman in the painting, lounging provocatively on a divan. She was naked – wonderfully, gloriously, completely so – and lying on her belly, her back slightly arched as she leaned on the arm of the sofa, peering over the edge. She was painted from the side, but even so, a portion of the cleft of her buttocks was scandalously visible, and her legs†¦ Jack sighed happily at the memory. Her legs were spread wide, and he was quite certain he had not been the only schoolboy to have imagined settling himself between them. Many a young lad had lost his virginity (in dreams, but still) to Marie-Louise O'Murphy. He wondered if the lady had ever realized the service she had provided. He looked up at Grace. She was staring at the painting. He thought – he hoped – she might be growing aroused. â€Å"You've never seen it before?† he murmured. She shook her head. Barely. She was transfixed. â€Å"She was the mistress of the King of France,† Jack told her. â€Å"It was said that the king saw one of Boucher's portraits of her – not this one, I think, perhaps a miniature – and he decided he had to have her.† Grace's mouth opened, as if she wanted to comment, but nothing quite came out. â€Å"She came from the streets of Dublin,† he said, â€Å"or so I'm told. It is difficult to imagine her obtaining the surname O'Murphy anywhere else.† He sighed in fond recollection. â€Å"We were always so proud to claim her as one of our own.† He moved so that he might stand behind her, leaning over her shoulder. When he spoke, he knew that his words would land on her skin like a kiss. â€Å"It's quite provocative, isn't it?† Still, Grace seemed not to know what to say. Jack did not mind. He had discovered that watching Grace looking at the painting was far more erotic than the painting itself had ever been. â€Å"I always wanted to go see it in person,† he commented. â€Å"I believe it is in Germany now. Munich, perhaps. But alas, my travels never took me that way.† â€Å"I've never seen anything like it,† Grace whispered. â€Å"It does make one feel, does it not?† She nodded. And he wondered – if he had always dreamed of lying between Mademoiselle O'Murphy's thighs, did Grace now wonder what it was like to be her? Did she imagine herself lying on the divan, exposed to a man's erotic gaze? To his gaze. He would never allow anyone else to see her thus. Around them, the room was silent. He could hear his own breath, each one more shaky than the last. And he could hear hers – soft, low, and coming faster with each inhalation. He wanted her. Desperately. He wanted Grace. He wanted her spread before him like the girl in the painting. He wanted her any way he could have her. He wanted to peel the clothes from her body, and he wanted to worship every inch of her skin. He could practically feel it, the soft weight of her thighs in his hands as he opened her to him, the musky heat as he moved closer for a kiss. â€Å"Grace,† he whispered. She was not looking at him. Her eyes were still on the painting in the book. Her tongue darted out, moistening the very center of her lips. She couldn't have known what that did to him. He reached around her, touching her fingers. She did not pull away. â€Å"Dance with me,† he murmured, wrapping his hand around her wrist. He tugged at her gently, urging her to her feet. â€Å"There is no music,† she whispered. But she stood. With no resistance, not even a hint of hesitation, she stood. And so he said the one thing that was in his heart. â€Å"We will make it ourselves.† There were so many moments when Grace could have said no. When his hand touched hers. When he pulled her to her feet. When he'd asked her to dance, despite the lack of music – that would have been a logical moment. But she didn't. She couldn't. She should have. But she didn't want to. And then somehow she was in his arms, and they were waltzing, in time with the soft hum of his voice. It was not an embrace that would ever be allowed in a proper ballroom; he was holding her far too close, and with each step he seemed to draw her closer, until finally the distance between them was measured not in inches but in heat. â€Å"Grace,† he said, her name a hoarse, needy moan. But she did not hear the last bit of it, that last consonant. He was kissing her by then, all sound lost in his onslaught. And she was kissing him back. Good heavens, she did not think she had ever wanted anything so much as she did this man, in this moment. She wanted him to surround her, to engulf her. She wanted to lose herself in him, to lay her body down and offer herself up to him. Anything, she wanted to whisper. Anything you want. Because surely he knew what she needed. The painting of that woman – the French king's mistress – it had done something to her. She'd been bewitched. There could be no other explanation. She wanted to lie naked on a divan. She wanted to know the sensation of damask rubbing against her belly, while cool, fresh air whispered across her back. She wanted to know what it felt like to lie that way, with a man's eyes burning hotly over her form. His eyes. Only his. â€Å"Jack,† she whispered, practically throwing herself against him. She needed to feel him, the pressure of him, the strength. She did not want his touch only on her lips; she wanted it everywhere, and everywhere at once. For a moment he faltered, as if surprised by her sudden enthusiasm, but he quickly recovered, and within seconds he had kicked the door shut and had her pinned up against the wall beside it, never once breaking their kiss. She was on her toes, pressed so tightly between Jack and the wall that her feet would have dangled in the air if she'd been just an inch higher. His mouth was hungry, and she was breathless, and when he moved down to worship her cheek, and then her throat, it was all she could do to keep her head upright. As it was, her neck was stretching, and she could feel herself arching forward, her breasts aching for closer contact. This was not their first intimacy, but it was not the same. Before, she'd wanted him to kiss her. She'd wanted to be kissed. But now†¦It was as if every pent-up dream and desire had awoken within her, turning her into some strange fiery creature. She felt aggressive. Strong. And she was so damned tired of watching life happen around her. â€Å"Jack†¦Jack†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She could not seem to say anything else, not when his teeth were tugging at the bodice of her frock. His fingers were aiding in the endeavor, nimbly unfastening the buttons at her back. But somehow that wasn't fair. She wanted to be a part of it, too. â€Å"Me,† she managed to get out, and she moved her hands, which had been reveling in the crisp silkiness of his hair, to his shirtfront. She slid down the wall, pulling him along with her, until they were both on the floor. Without missing a beat, she made frenetic work of his buttons, yanking his shirt aside once she was through. For a moment she could do nothing but gaze. Her breath was sucked inside of her, burning to get out, but she could not seem to exhale. She touched him, laying her palm against his chest, a whoosh of air finally escaping her lips when she felt his heart leaping beneath his skin. She stroked upward, and then down, marveling at the contact, until one of his hands roughly covered hers. â€Å"Grace,† he said. He swallowed, and she could feel that his fingers were trembling. She looked up, waiting for him to continue. He could seduce with nothing but a glance, she thought. A touch and she would melt. Did he have any idea the magic he held over her? The power? â€Å"Grace,† he said again, his breath labored. â€Å"I won't be able to stop soon.† â€Å"I don't care.† â€Å"You do.† His voice was ragged, and it made her want him even more. â€Å"I want you,† she pleaded. â€Å"I want this.† He looked as if he were in pain. She knew she was. He squeezed her hand, and they both paused. Grace looked up, and their eyes met. And held. And in that moment, she loved him. She didn't know what it was he'd done to her, but she was changed. And she loved him for it. â€Å"I won't take this from you,† he said in a rough whisper. â€Å"Not like this.† Then how? she wanted to ask, but sense was trickling back into her body, and she knew he was right. She had precious little of value in this world – her mother's tiny pearl earrings, a family Bible, love letters between her parents. But she had her body, and she had her pride, and she could not allow herself to give them to a man who was not to be her husband. And they both knew that if he turned out to be the Duke of Wyndham, then he could never be her husband. Grace did not know all of the circumstances of his upbringing, but she'd heard enough to know that he was familiar with the ways of the aristocracy. He had to know what would be expected of him. He cupped her face in his hands and stared at her with a tenderness that took her breath away. â€Å"As God is my witness,† he whispered, turning her around so he could do up her buttons, â€Å"this is the most difficult thing I have ever done in my life.† Somehow she found the strength to smile. Or at the very least, to not cry. Later that night Grace was in the rose salon, hunting down writing paper for the dowager, who had decided – on the spur of the moment, apparently – that she must send a letter to her sister, the grand duchess of that small European country whose name Grace could never pronounce (or, indeed, remember). This was a lengthier process than it seemed, as the dowager liked to compose her correspondence aloud (with Grace as audience), debating – at painful length – each turn of phrase. Grace then had to concentrate on memorizing the dowager's words, as she would then be required (not by the dowager; rather, by a general duty to humanity) to recopy the dowager's missive, translating her unintelligible scrawl into something a bit more neat and tidy. The dowager did not acknowledge that she did this; in fact, the one time Grace offered, she flew into such a huff that Grace had never again whispered a word of it. But considering that her sister's next letter opened with gushes of praise on the dowager's new penmanship, Grace could not imagine that she was completely unaware. Ah, well. It was one of those things they did not discuss. Grace did not mind the task this evening. Sometimes it gave her a headache; she did try to do her recopying when the sun was still high and she could enjoy the advantages of natural light. But it was an endeavor that required all of her concentration, and she rather thought that it was exactly what she needed right now. Something to take her mind off†¦well, everything. Mr. Audley. Thomas. And how awful she felt. Mr. Audley. That painting of that woman. Mr. Audley. Jack. Grace let out a short, loud sigh. For heaven's sake, who was she trying to fool? She knew exactly what she was trying so hard not to think about. Herself. She sighed. Maybe she ought to take herself off to the land of the unpronounceable name. She wondered if they spoke English there. She wondered if the Grand Duchess Margareta (nee Margaret, and called, she was pertly told by the dowager, Maggs) could possibly be as ill-tempered as her sister. It did seem unlikely. Although as a member of the royal family, Maggs presumably had the authority to order someone's head lopped off. The dowager had said they were a bit feudal over there. Grace touched her head, decided she liked it where it was, and with renewed determination pulled open the top drawer to the escritoire, using perhaps a bit more force than necessary. She winced at the screech of wood against wood, then frowned; this really wasn't such a well-made piece of furniture. Rather out of place at Belgrave, she had to say. Nothing in the top drawer. Just a quill that looked as if it hadn't seen use since the last King George ruled the land. She moved to the second, reaching to the back in case anything was hiding in the shadows, and then she heard something. Someone. It was Thomas. He was standing in the doorway, looking rather peaked, and even in the dim light she could see that his eyes were bloodshot. She gulped down a wave of guilt. He was a good man. She hated that she was falling in love with his rival. No, that was not it. She hated that Mr. Audley was his rival. No, not that. She hated the whole bloody situation. Every last speck of it. â€Å"Grace,† he said. Nothing else, just her name. She swallowed. It had been some time since they'd conversed on friendly terms. Not that they had been un friendly, but truly, was there anything worse than oh-so-careful civility? â€Å"Thomas,† she said, â€Å"I did not realize you were still awake.† â€Å"It's not so late,† he said with a shrug. â€Å"No, I suppose not.† She glanced up at the clock. â€Å"The dowager is abed but not yet asleep.† â€Å"Your work is never done, is it?† he asked, entering the room. â€Å"No,† she said, wanting to sigh. Then, refusing to feel sorry for herself, she explained, â€Å"I ran out of writing paper upstairs.† â€Å"For correspondence?† â€Å"Your grandmother's,† she affirmed. â€Å"I have no one with whom to correspond.† Dear heavens, could that be true? It had never even occurred to her before. Had she written a single letter in the years she'd been here? â€Å"I suppose once Elizabeth Willoughby marries and moves away†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She paused, thinking how sad that was, that she needed her friend to leave so she might be able to write a letter. â€Å"†¦I shall miss her.† â€Å"Yes,† he said, looking somewhat distracted, not that she could blame him, given the current state of his affairs. â€Å"You are good friends, aren't you?† She nodded, reaching into the recesses of the third drawer. Success! â€Å"Ah, here we are.† She pulled forth a small stack of paper, then realized that her triumph meant that she had to go tend to her duties. â€Å"I must go write your grandmother's letters now.† â€Å"She does not write them herself?† he asked with surprise. Grace almost chuckled at that. â€Å"She thinks she does. But the truth is, her penmanship is dreadful. No one could possibly make out what she intends to say. Even I have difficulty with it. I end up improvising at least half in the copying.† She looked down at the pages in her hands, shaking them down against the top of the desk first one way and then on the side, to make an even stack. When she looked back up, Thomas was standing a bit closer, looking rather serious. â€Å"I must apologize, Grace,† he said, walking toward her. Oh, she didn't want this. She didn't want an apology, not when she herself held so much guilt in her heart. â€Å"For this afternoon?† she asked, her voice perhaps a little too light. â€Å"No, please, don't be silly. It's a terrible situation, and no one could fault you for – â€Å" â€Å"For many things,† he cut in. He was looking at her very strangely, and Grace wondered if he'd been drinking. He'd been doing a lot of that lately. She had told herself that she mustn't scold him; truly, it was a wonder he was behaving as well as he was, under the circumstances. â€Å"Please,† she said, hoping to put an end to the discussion. â€Å"I cannot think of anything for which you need to make amends, but I assure you, if there were, I would accept your apology, with all graciousness.† â€Å"Thank you,† he said. And then, seemingly out of nowhere: â€Å"We depart for Liverpool in two days.† Grace nodded. She knew this already. And surely he should have known that she was aware of the plans. â€Å"I imagine you have much to do before we leave,† she said. â€Å"Almost nothing,† he said, but there was something awful in his voice, almost as if he were daring her to ask his meaning. And there had to be a meaning, because Thomas always had much to do, whether he had a planned departure or not. â€Å"Oh. That must be a pleasant change,† she said, because she could not simply ignore his statement. He leaned forward slightly, and Grace smelled spirits on his breath. Oh, Thomas. She ached for him, for what he must be feeling. And she wanted to tell him: I don't want it, either. I want you to be the duke and Jack to be plain Mr. Audley, and I want all of this just to be over. Even if the truth turned out to be not what she prayed for, she wanted to know. But she couldn't say this aloud. Not to Thomas. Already he was looking at her in that piercing way of his, as if he knew all her secrets – that she was falling in love with his rival, that she had already kissed him – several times – and she had wanted so much more. She would have done more, if Jack had not stopped her. â€Å"I am practicing, you see,† Thomas said. â€Å"Practicing?† â€Å"To be a gentleman of leisure. Perhaps I should emulate your Mr. Audley.† â€Å"He is not my Mr. Audley,† she immediately replied, even though she knew he had only said as much to provoke her. â€Å"He shall not worry,† Thomas continued, as if she'd not spoken. â€Å"I have left all of the affairs in perfect order. Every contract has been reviewed and every last number in every last column has been tallied. If he runs the estate into the ground, it shall be on his own head.† â€Å"Thomas, stop,† she said, because she could not bear it. For either of them. â€Å"Don't talk this way. We don't know that he is the duke.† â€Å"Don't we?† His lip curled as he looked down at her. â€Å"Come now, Grace, we both know what we will find in Ireland.† â€Å"We don't,† she insisted, and her voice sounded hollow. She felt hollow, as if she had to hold herself perfectly still just to keep from cracking. He stared at her. For far longer than was comfortable. And then: â€Å"Do you love him?† Grace felt the blood drain from her face. â€Å"Do you love him?† he repeated, stridently this time. â€Å"Audley.† â€Å"I know who you're talking about,† she said before she could think the better of it. â€Å"I imagine you do.† She stood still, forcing herself to unclench her fists. She'd probably ruined the writing paper; she'd heard it crumple in her hand. He'd gone from apologetic to hateful in the space of a second, and she knew he was hurting inside, but so was she, damn it. â€Å"How long have you been here?† he asked. She drew back, her head turning slightly to the side. He was looking at her so strangely. â€Å"At Belgrave?† she said hesitantly. â€Å"Five years.† â€Å"And in all that time I haven't†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He shook his head. â€Å"I wonder why.† Without even thinking, she tried to step back, but the desk blocked her way. What was wrong with him? â€Å"Thomas,† she said, wary now, â€Å"what are you talking about?† He seemed to find that funny. â€Å"Damned if I know.† And then, while she was trying to think of a suitable reply, he let out a bitter laugh and said, â€Å"What's to become of us, Grace? We're doomed, you know. Both of us.† She knew it was true, but it was terrible to hear it confirmed. â€Å"I don't know what you're talking about,† she said. â€Å"Oh, come now, Grace, you're far too intelligent for that.† â€Å"I should go.† But he was blocking her way. â€Å"Thomas, I – â€Å" And then – dear heavens – he was kissing her. His mouth was on hers, and her stomach flipped in horror, not because his kiss was repulsive, because it wasn't. It was the shock of it. Five years she'd been here, and he'd never even hinted at – â€Å"Stop!† She wrenched herself away. â€Å"Why are you doing this?† â€Å"I don't know,† he said with a helpless shrug. â€Å"I'm here, you're here†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I'm leaving.† But one of his hands was still on her arm. She needed him to release her. She could have pulled away; he was not holding her tightly. But she needed it to be his decision. He needed it to be his decision. â€Å"Ah, Grace,† he said, looking almost defeated. â€Å"I am not Wyndham any longer. We both know it.† He paused, shrugged, held out his hand in surrender. â€Å"Thomas?† she whispered. And then he said, â€Å"Why don't you marry me when this is all over?† â€Å"What?† Something akin to horror washed over her. â€Å"Oh, Thomas, you're mad.† But she knew what he really meant. A duke could not marry Grace Eversleigh. But if he wasn't†¦If he was just plain Mr. Cavendish†¦Why not? Acid rose in her throat. He didn't mean to insult. She didn't even feel insulted. She knew the world she inhabited. She knew the rules, and she knew her place. Jack could never be hers. Not if he was the duke. â€Å"What do you say, Gracie?† Thomas touched her chin, tipped her face up to look at him. And she thought – maybe. Would it be so very bad? She could not stay at Belgrave, that was for certain. And maybe she would learn to love him. She already did, really, as a friend. He leaned down to kiss her again, and this time she let him, praying that her heart would pound and her pulse would race and that spot between her legs†¦Oh, please let it feel as it did when Jack touched her. But there was nothing. Just a rather warm sense of friendship. Which she supposed wasn't the worst thing in the world. â€Å"I can't,† she whispered, turning her face to the side. She wanted to cry. And then she did cry, because Thomas rested his chin on her head, comforting her like a brother. Her heart twisted, and she heard him whisper, â€Å"I know.†

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International Investing Project - Term Paper Example The stability of the market as a whole but that also means extremely low growth potential if ever there is any worth considering at all. The performance of Siemens AG also takes a positive trend as their USA stocks but had higher returns than other stocks under consideration due other factors than the market. This means that the stocks’ performance. The stock prices for both are also in the on the side. CHL is at least in the decent deviation of -0.252%. The stock prices alone are already telling the investor which one is a better pick. It does not mean however, that CHL is a good investment or bad because the change is negligible. This means that the stock was not influence by market changes. The main reason may because of majority of the business is also ultimately dependent on the oil industry. Which is being an affected changes being in Middle East. The implications of portfolio return and risk in connection with market points out the degree of volatility in the changes of the portfolio return. In this case, a positive portfolio return with a positive return of the market both generates positive returns. The major defect of this analysis in the first place is the computation of returns within two day only. The extreme swings of the market are simply too unpredictable to make a safe investment (Graham 2004). To start with, it is not a profitable investment already. The picture we have painted above will change drastically should we look at this situation using 5 or 10 yrs as range when computing for stock returns. Obviously, the short term investing style is not as easy or profitable as when you are investing for the long term and evaluating major trends on the stock, not just the daily fluctuations on the stock market. In terms of predictability, we will find it extremely hard to judge the profitability of the stock alone just by using beta since it is also a relative value computed within a chosen time

Brazilian history, provided that it bears the topic of race in some Research Paper

Brazilian history, provided that it bears the topic of race in some way - Research Paper Example In â€Å"The Transatlantic Slave Trade: A History,† James A. Rawley and Stephen D. Behrendt write: "The Brazilian's appetite for slaves was insatiable. For three centuries Brazil would consume more African slaves than would any of the Atlantic world. Planters, sugar mill owners, white artisans, and in time mine operators clamored for slaves. Three coastal regions - Pernambuco, Bahia, and Rio de Janeiro - required slave labor for their economies."1 (Rawley & Behrendt, 2005) The Sugar Revolution was promoted by European colonists in Brazil along with other economic enterprises relating to farming, mining, timber, and natural resources. The Portuguese received the primary colonial interest in Brazil due to the Papal Line of Demarcation which recognized Spain’s colonial sovereignty in other parts of the New World. In building a colonial administration, the Portuguese were a minority and their methods were foreign to the indigenous population based mostly in subsistence farm ing. The rise of the plantation system provided two main advantages to the colonists. The first was a legal recognition of their land ownership, which claimed huge tracts of the best indigenous traditional lands for their own personal ownership, building a hierarchy of wealth and power on this basis. The second advantage was in economic exploitation, as the plantations were designed as early forms of agricultural mass-production in order to enable surplus production and export. In farming many more products than needed by local consumption, the colonists could sell mass quantities of sugar and other products to traders who would sell them in other colonies and Europe. This created the flow of wealth, status, and power that fueled colonialism economically. Nevertheless, the Brazilian colonists relied on African slave labor to a much higher degree than other colonies. One reason for this is Brazil’s natural proximity to Africa which reduced costs for slave traders and could be traversed much quicker for a profit. "In the first half of the seventeenth century more than one-half of all slaves imported into the Americas were carried to Brazil. The close relationship between sugar and slavery was established early; and in the 'sugar revolution' that saw the explosion of sugar cultivation in the British and French Caribbean in the second half of the century, Brazil continued to be the leading New World importer of enslaved Africans."2 These slaves were forced to work in the heat of Brazil’s environment in hard labor under threat of death, but struggled and managed to maintain the dignity and culture of their African traditions in the new country. Slaves even inter-married with the indigenous and European populations to create a new generation of descendents that can be considered native Brazilians, and representative of the country’s historical evolution. The result of this process of colonization and slave trade was that millions of African slav es were brought to Brazil by traders for work on colonial plantations from the 16th to 19th century. UNESCO estimates over the course of this period, nearly four million Africans were brought to Brazil in economic slavery. â€Å"The blacks, bought in Africa, traversed the Atlantic Ocean in terrible conditions in vessels called 'black ships'. As

Kuwait's economy before and after gulf war Assignment

Kuwait's economy before and after gulf war - Assignment Example Most of its oil was exported to Europe and the United States (International Business Publications 2012). Reliance of oil as the sole source of income led to over production of oil in Kuwait. With large deposits, approximately 94,525 billion barrels, Kuwaiti suppressed the prices of oil in the international markets (CIA World Factbook). However, overproduction angered the neighboring oil producers, such as Iraq, which was desperate to pay the funds it had borrowed for was. The act of suppressing process was viewed as an act of economic sabotage. The government of Kuwaiti maintained a low value of foreign debt that was manageable. The debt owed by Kuwaiti prior to the gulf war was $8billion. Although the country is oil rich, it has a small portion of arable land, thus preventing the country from relying on agricultural activities. However, the country engaged in other economic activities such as construction, manufacturing, and financial services. The geopolitical importance of Kuwait was increasing die to instability in neighboring nations. It was the preferred trade route that linked the west and the east. The hostilities that arose due to suppressed oil prices made Iraq invade Kuwait in 1990. The war devastated the oil wells of the country. According to Murdico (2004), the Iraqi troops burned most of the oil wells in Kuwait. The act sabotaged oil production in Kuwait for a whole year. The per capita income fell from $8967 in 1990 to $ 5508 in 1991. The war also led to an increase in international prices to over $30 per barrel, up from $20 per barrel in the oil spot market. Although the war did not last long, the effects were visible. First, most of the people ran to neighboring countries, meaning, there was no immediate resumption of production after the war. Second, the oil wells were heavily destroyed and had to be renovated. Reconstruction of Kuwait after the war cost the country an approximated $40 billion. The

Pharmacy Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pharmacy - Personal Statement Example Initially, I was intrigued and perplexed of how drugs could make a person lose his or her life; after all, I was regularly given medicine to remedy occasional flu and fever. Nevertheless, with time, I have come to understand why I was taking a spoonful of medicine rather than a whole bottle and why taking an overdose is lethal. As I proceeded to secondary school, the science subjects helped me to gain knowledge on the uses and benefits of medicine, and why medicines should be utilized safely and efficiently. Fortunately, such cases of a drug overdose are rare and accidental as most people use medication as a straightforward remedy to their illnesses. Other patients with complicated illnesses are required to take a â€Å"cocktail of medications† and will have to battle the side effects, expenses, and risks of non-adherence. This is what brings the art and science of pharmacy into life as one has to motivate the patients to continue with medication and collaborate with health care providers so as find the suitable course of treatment in managing the disease devoid of compromising their quality of life (Galiano 2001, p.38). Between 2008 and 2012, I served in the librarian board, while, in 2012, I was the head of the digital department. I also actively engaged in other favourable pastimes including sport, whereby I have been a state player for golf between 2010 and 2011 and bowling between 2009 and 2010, besides engaging in extracurricular activities such as undertaking a course in advanced baking (2012) and bread and flour confectionery (2011). In early 2014, I also volunteered programme in Tzu Chi as an assistant to a pharmacist in a community dispensary. The placement aided me to attain vast knowledge on various drugs, their characteristics and classes, functions, and side effects. Most importantly, I gained insights regarding prominent drugs to treat prevalent diseases in the

Organization and Culture Essay Example for Free

Organization and Culture Essay Provide a brief (one 1 paragraph) description of the organization you chose to research. The company that I chose to research is the company Google. Everyone is aware of Google. It is the most widely used search engine in the world. Google is considered to be one of the best, if not the best search engine of all time. The company Google is considered to be a technological giant and a threat to other tech giants, for example Microsoft. Google’s creators Larry Page and Sergey Binn, started this company in 1995. Google was first developed to be a search engine, but it has crown to the point where it can be used as an internet browser also. Unlike its competitor Microsoft Internet Explorer, it has to be compatible with certain browsers in order to function at its fullest potential. Examine the culture of the selected organization. Google’s corporate culture began with its founder’s philosophy, the famous 10 tenets. (Lisa Jackson 2013). And since Google is still controlled by its founders, that means that the culture in part of the company’s mantra. Google’s founders Larry Page and Sergey Binn believe that trust is one of the most important aspects for the culture at Google. Google mission is a culture of choice. That is they are not a conventional company in the sense that they are not a slave to Wall Street, and that allows them to build a culture that will deliver on this mission and that is principally organized to drive innovation. (Jeff Jarvis, 2013). Because of this trust that Google foster’s to their employees, they are allowed to take risk, while being innovative. And with innovation comes feedback and collaboration. With this type of corporate culture at Google, their employees are much more enthusiastic about the ideas that they present to the founders. There is not right or wrong way at Google, they are visionaries and as such can implement and idea, and if it works, that fantastic, if the idea does not work, then  back to the drawing board. Again, it all stems from the trust ideas from the founders. Google’s culture is very unique. At Google, they believe that if you focus on the user, all else will follow. They also believe that democracy on the web works and also that there is always more information out there. These are three out of the ten tenets that the founders of Google stand by. With these types of statements from one of the largest technological companies, it is no wonder that Google is considered the number 1 place to work in the United States. It’s because the founders allow the staff to develop ideas, make mistakes and they celebrate the failure instead of reprimanding or terminating the staff. This seemingly laid back culture fuels the imagination of the staff and gets them always looking for ways to improve not just the company, but themselves as well. Explain how you determined that the selected organization showed the signs of the culture that you have identified. When I decided to do rese arch on Google, and their culture, I decided to look at why this company is considered one of the best places to work in the United States. I asked myself, why is this company so popular? Why are their employees always happy? First you look at the culture. The founders believe in letting their employees be free to be innovative. They have a t-shirt and jeans work atmosphere, freedom to make mistakes and start over again, etc. This is only part of the culture. Another aspect of the Google environment is ensuring that their employees are adequately compensated. Their benefits are also excellent. Google’s employees enjoy free health and dental, free breakfast lunch and dinner. They also have an organic chef that caters to the needs of the employees. Google found that women were leaving the company at twice the rate of everyone else. In particular, this occurred with new mothers. Google’s maternity leave plan was 12 weeks paid time off. Human Resources changed the plan so new mothers could get 5 months paid time off with full pay and benefits. They were allowed to split this time up however they want. The result after the change in policy? A 50% reduction in attrition for new mothers. Google tries to hire and retain the best employees. They do this based on data. When this data is collected, they u se this information to gauge employees and improve their productivity.   Determine the factors that caused the organization to embody this particular culture. For Google, it seems as if the corporate culture that they have right now is doing just  fine. Google was name the top place to work in 2012. But if for some reason, they did decide to change their corporate culture, I think it would be to continue to enhance on the 10 tenets that was there from conception. Of course as time, and concepts changes over time, innovators such as Larry Page and Sergey Brinn will have to change as well.But, with a new CEO, Larry Page who is excited about leading the team into product development and technology strategy, but also keeping the core of the company for what it was when they first started. Google is efficient and effective. Fortune magazine reported that Google does more business than their entire competitor combined, plus they do it at a lower cost. Because Google has a casual and democratic atmosphere, resulting in its distinction as a â€Å"Flat† company. The company does not boast a large middle management, and upper management is so hands on, it’s hard to qualify them in a separate category. Teams are made up of members with equal authority and a certain level of autonomy is maintained.   Determine what type of leader would be best suited for this organization. Support your position. The type of leader that would be best suited for Google is a Transformational Leader. Transformational leadership is a type of leadership style that can inspire positive changes in those who follow. Transformational leaders are generally energetic, enthusiastic, and passionate. Not only are these leaders concerned and involved in the process; they are also focused on helping every member of the group succeed as well. Through the strength of their vision and personality, transformational leaders are able to inspire followers to change expectations, perceptions, and motivations to work towards common goals. They have the ability to garner trust, respect and admiration from their followers.   Imagine that there is a decline in the demand of products or services supplied by the selected organization. Determine what the change in culture would need to be in response to this situation. If for some reason there is a decline for the products and services supplied by Google, I think that the founders will continue to have the same culture that they originally started the company with. And I say that because, so far that culture seems to be what has Google as one of the top tech giants in the world. Of course, the founders Larry Page and Sergey Binn, being the visionaries that they are, as times and concepts changes over time, they will have to change as well. They will always have to be one  step ahead of the competition, if intend to last in the technological game. References The Real Secret of Google’s Corporate Culture: by Lisa Jackson, July 2013. https://www.web-ebschohost-com.libdata.strayer.edu/ehost/deliveryArticle: Refreshing Google. By: Saporito, Bill. (2011) Vol. 177 Issue 5, p48-49. https://www.web-ebschohost-com.libdata.strayer.edu/ehost/deliverySearch and Destroy. (Cover Story) Authors: Vogelstein, Fred. Source Fortune 5/2005 Vol. 151 Issue 9, p72-82. (Article) https://www.web-ebschohost-com.libdata.strayer.edu/ehost/deliveryThe Real Difference between Microsoft and Google by: Dana Blankenhor (February 2008) http://www.corporateculturepros.com

Design of a SCADA System

Design of a SCADA System 1. Introduction: The main purpose of this assignment is to design a simple SCADA system to monitor and provide supervisory control of a Bytronic Associates Industrial Control Trainer (ICT) through an Allen- Bradlley Micrologic 1000PLC using the Sistemi Winlog Pro software. From the design of PLC ladder logic program which was developed using RS-logic for the ICT, this assignment of the system will add a higher level of control through software and provide a beginning to the industrial SCADA systems. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA): SCADA is Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. In 1993, SCADA system was required to examine the site for the distribution systems and also for the electrical supply. There was a discussion on the SCADA system that which system would be more a suitable for the site. Almost for each and every packaged systems are combined with the complete SCADA system purchase which is different to the method of basic component as when it is used in single meters. As we are aware of placing both the meters into the switch gears at the substation and also in building switchgears. It is more effective estimated for the SCADA systems to examine the status of electrical power supply systems. In 1994 using the Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs)and a DOS based SCADA software package are utilized by the Utility department to start the installation for the SCADA systems. The energy management department is one of the departments in the Utility division required to collect the data from the building meters. The IDEs which provide a communication to the SCADA software as well as an analogue output signal (KW) that can be read by the building energy management system. In this building energy management system, it records the signal to track the electrical energy demand and Kilo Watt Hours (KWH). The SCADA software is a graphical package using a Window NT Operation System. This system is manufactured by the Power Measurement Ltd (PML) provides the programming required to include real AutoCad site map, a diagram and also to present the accurate time information on the header of the graphical conditions. Objects like switch status, all the power system parameters, alarms and so on. Additionally, this system also allow the facilities operations like utility system, bitmap to achieve the big pictures to set at the background, and also the channel down to the single line as required. SCADA system automatically generates an alarm and can also easily expandable as per the application required. The new systems can easily expandable and flexible to the use as IDEs meter are added. The following are the function that are utilized more and more as the SCADA system is expanded. Automatic reporting will be taken with the replacement of manual meter reading. They need to respond quickly when the real time alarms and data operators the information. The Utility Department can be practical in providing the customers about the quality information. The main benefits of using the SCADA software are Switching and Paralleling Operations: Verification of the physical change in the switch operator position was not accessible while using of remote SCADA applications Power Quality: As needed, generally after a result or upon query from building users the power quality reports are requested. Hospital and Medical School Emergency Services Status: From the Cogeneration Plant, Hospital Emergency Power Feeders are monitored to verify the accessibility of the services, on a continual basis. This prevents the remote possibility that the service is not available or available. Outage Record: Position incident analysis is essential to avoid reoccurrence of similar outages and power failures. Substation Security Fires and Door Alarms: Early on in the design of the SCADA application, it was determined that fire/smoke detectors were required in all substation switch gear rooms. This utility, along with the door alarm contacts, provides the system operators with the ability to respond immediately to these types of actions. 2. System Description: PLC Diagram Description: In PLC the programs are fabricated based upon the ‘gates simultaneously with the inputs, timers, counters, outputs, internal memory bits, analog inputs, comparators, analog output etc. Inputs: The physical connections that are connected to the PLC are switches, pushbuttons, sensors and anything which acts like a switch or signal to the state of ON and OFF position. The voltages that accept to some of the devices are 24V DC and some may not; it may vary. The switch when it is in ON state, then status of the device bit is ‘1 and when it goes to OFF state the status of the device bit is ‘0. Output: The result that appears from the input devices is the communication between the PLC and other terminals. They are used to control the solenoids, sensors, and connectors etc to on and off position. In the PLC, there are 8 sensors and 5 actuators were used. The result from each sensor response the actuators and other sensors to perform the task. These eight sensors has different task they are Sensor1: It detects the presence of peg in the upper sort area. Sensor2: It detects the components in front of the solenoid at the upper sort area of the ring chute. Sensor3: It detects the presence of ring in assembly area. Sensor4: It is used to commence assembling. Sensor5: It is used to terminate the assembling. Sensor6: It is used to detect the complete assemblies. Sensor7: It is used to detect the components at the lower sort area. Sensor8: It is used to detect the components and assemblies near the reject area solenoid. The purpose of 5 actuator which are used in PLC area are Actuator1: It drives the upper chain conveyor motor. Actuator2: It drives the lower chain conveyor motor. Actuator3: It knocks the ring in the ring chute. Actuator4: It releases the ring into the assembly area. Actuator5: It rejects the unassembled components. Relay: A relay is a switch which is operated on the electromagnetic. Counters: when a pre-assigned count value is reached, the digital counters are in the form of relay contact. Timers: Timer consists of internal clock, a count value register and an accumulator which is used to count the time. When peg and ring moves in the upper sort area, the peg moves into to the peg chute through the detection of the sensor1 and the ring moves into the ring chute through the actuator 3. And the actuator 4 is to allow the ring in to the space where the sensor 3 detects the ring for the assembling the ring into the peg in the lower sort area. The sensor 6 it to detect the complete assembled components. The actuator 4 has some delay time for allowing the ring in to assembling area. The sensor 8 is to detect the unassembled component and the actuator 5 is to reject the unassembled components. Sensor number Sensor type, location and function. PLC Input 1 Download-looking reflective IR sensor at the upper sort area. Detects the presence of a peg near to and in front of the solenoid at the top of the ring chute. I: 0/4 2 Sideways-looking reflective IR sensor at the upper sort area. Detects a component in front of the solenoid at the top of the ring chute. I: 0/1 3 Reflective IR sensor at the assembly area. Detects the presence of component at the very bottom of the ring chute beyond the rotary solenoid. I: 0/0 4 Black pushbutton. Used to commence assembling say. I: 0/18 5 Red pushbutton. Used to terminate assembling, say. I: 0/19 6 Capacitive sensor, near the lower sort area. Detects the presence of passing complete assembles near the reject solenoid at the motor end of the lower conveyor. I: 0/6 7 Reflective IR sensor at capacitive sensor near lower sort area I: 0/3 8 Reflective IR sensor at the lower sort area. Detects the presence of components and assemblies in front of the reject solenoid at the motor end of the lower conveyor. I: 0/2 9 Through-beam IR sensor, just after the assembly area. Detects components on the lower conveyor leaving the assembly area. I: 0/5 Actuator No. Actuator type, location and desired function PLC Output 1 Upper conveyor motor. Drives the upper toothed chain conveyor O: 0/3 2 Lower conveyor motor. Drives the lower plain belt conveyor. O: 0/4 3 Solenoid at upper sort area. Knocks rings into the ring chute. O:0/0 4 Rotary solenoid at the bottom of the ring chute before the assembly area. Releases rings into the assembly area. O: 0/1 5 Solenoid at the reject area. Rejects unassembled components before the complete assembly collection tray. O: 0/2 Using the winlog Pro software, the PLC system can be operated through the ladder program by shutting down the RSlogix and assigning the sensor input pins to the digital gates and actuator output pins to the digital gates. These functions are performed by four kinds of SCADA components: Sensors (either digital or analog) and control relays that directly interface with the managed system. Remote telemetry units (RTUs): These are small computerized units deployed in the field at specific sites and locations. RTUs serve as local collection points for gathering reports from sensors and delivering commands to control relays. SCADA master units: These are larger computer consoles that serve as the central processor for the SCADA system. Master units provide a human interface to the system and automatically regulate the managed system in response to sensor inputs. The communications network that connects the SCADA master unit to the RTUs in the field. 3. Requirements: The minimum requirements for the SCADA to perform and control the operation of PLC manually are By replacing the physical push buttons, providing start/stop to control the ICT from the SCADA. Display the state of all sensors and actuators using the digital gates displays such as LED or animations. Display the count of the number of rings in the chute at any time (this may also extend to the number of completed assembled and rejected components. Provide a means of resetting the ring count a value among 0 to 5 (in the event of malfunction). Create a template with a background bitmap that is either a schematic diagram of the ICT or the actual photograph of the kit. At least one alarm condition example when a component is rejected or the ring in the chute is more than four. Constraints: In the numerical gates of winlog pro, the LED components cannot be kept because these are used only for counting the rings in the chute and also for the rejecting the components in the chute. In the digital gates of winlog pro, the sensors, actuators, LED and switches are kept. It does not accept the counts. 4. SCADA System Design: The design of a simple control application based on the micrologix DF1 protocol, but the design of more complex systems can be solved using the SCADA. It is easy to understand and approach the winlog Pro software and also to communicate the other devices. For every new application, the system has to know the external devices, addresses and communication protocol to communicate from one device to the other devices. In PLC, the program runs between the one of two states for every second in order to maintain the count. According to the SCADA, for each state the LED will be shown and also for the count will be shown. The PLC program will be started and stopped by using the switch on SCADA. For creating the variables database devices in the gates of Winlog Pro software, we have to consider the numeric, digital and event alarms according to our applications. Numeric gates consists of all the variables that refers to the analogue quantity like counts, set points and so on that can expressed in the form of a bytes, a word, a double word, an integer or by a floating point variable. In this application, the numeric gates are used for the counting, rejecting components, complete counts and also for resetting of both complete and reject counts. Digital gates consists of all the variables that refers to the digital status like alarm conditions, sensors, actuators, configuration option and so on. It can be expressed by a single bit. In this application, the digital gates are used for the input sensors, output actuators and for solenoids and also for switches and pushbuttons. Event/alarm is also used in this application for the purpose of showing the rings in the chute if the rings in the chute are more than four. This configuration is used for the intention of activating the solenoid. The following table shows, the numeric variables configurations are made according to the applications are; Continuation with the table The following table shows, the digital variables configurations are made according to the applications are; The following table shows the event/alarm gates configuration are made according to the applications. And this gate cannot read from the devices but the status will be displayed while at runtime. This gate is provided for the attention of the ring in the chute if the ring in the chute is more than four and we also can create more alarms using this gate configuration. After creating of the gates configurations, we must save it and create the new templates in order to get all the gates for the application and these gates are used for each and every achievement to perform the operation on the particular gates configuration. After adding all the gates, insert all the active label objects like LED, switch and so on and also include the gate to each label to perform the operation when the gate is used in the ladder program. After completion of adding all the gates, label, chart and bitmap, save the complete configurations. And execute the program. After the completion of the template design, we must assign the simple code using the name as â€Å"Main† in the Winlog Pro code. It is used only for the function that will open for the main template at the application startup. The following figure shows the final template design thats required for the applications are; The above figure represents the complete design of template after arranging all the gates and chart and bitmap. 5. Testing: After the creation of the templates and Winlog Pro code in the software, close the Winlog Pro and run the RSLogix 500 to create the program and download the Micrologix 1000 ladder program listed in the section. After downloading, go to the Run mode and shutdown the RSLogix 500 and also RSLogix service. Restart the Winlog Pro software, to run the project in project manager and select Execute from project menu. Then after executing the project, it will moves in run mode to start the project according to the application requirements. Winlog Pro samples variables from devices and processes the results in graphical representations. When the project that where done by the users to startup then it automatically achieves the main templates. By clicking the switch object label, we can start and stop the execution of the program. When the program is in running mode, we can see the number of rings that the actuator 3 pushes into the chute and the peg that enter into the peg chute by the detection of the sensor 1 And if the ring in the chute is more than four then the alarms will be in active (blowing condition) mode that informs the ring cant allow into the ring chute more. The count display the number of ring in the ring chute and edit box is to editing the value that enter in it. By clicking the toggle switch, we can reset both the completed assembles and rejecting components. We can select the chart to show the graphical representation of the counts and digital like pushbutton and switches. The chart also displays the group of variables that we want to display. The below figure displays the switch button is in ON condition and the counting of ring in chute is 5. If the ring count is more than four in the chute then the alarm blows. And resetting all the completed assembles and rejected assembles. The chart 1 describes the switch buttons (black color) and pushbuttons (blue color) when it is in ON condition. The chart 2 describes the count of the rings in the chute (green color), completed assembled components (lite blue color) and rejected components (red color). The below figure shows the counting of rings in the chute (green color), completed assembled components (lite blue color) and rejecting the components (red color) when the switch button is in ON condition. 6. Discussion: Utility System Operators need to be able to continue to remotely and instantaneously, identify electrical Power System Failures at any location in the distribution system. Accurate real time alarming and historical information is needed to continually meet the needs of a diverse community of energy users. A continuation of the demands for high reliability and accurate performance and trending data is paramount is the long term benefits of the SCADA systems. Approaching the SCADA system design for an application is the first time and in particular Winlog Pro software, it can be easily to communicate with other devices using the RS-232 9pin connector. Winlog Pro software can accessible easily and understand quickly to the external devices. For different applications, the design of the system for each device should be addressable and the list of all the variables can read or write to the devices. And for the applications the gates configuration should be addressable. Depending on the ladder program the address should be made and we can design different templates. Without any restrictions of all the winlog pro licenses software, it can provide the functions, development tools and communication protocol. The software toolbox acknowledges the continuous efforts of sielco sistemi to make the winlog pro more competitive and attractive. This powerful, low cost and easy to use SCADA software is indeed collecting increasing agreement among Italian and international users. Winlog Pro is simple, flexible and more economical in real time applications. It provides the differ tool like gates builders, templates, code builders. It allows the drivers to interface and communicate with all the electronic devices like PLCs, I/O modules and so on. Conclusion: Using the Winlog Pro software, the results that are required for the project are achieved. Using this software, we are assigning all the object labels to the gates configuration. The counts the numbers of rings are assigned to the numeric gate and the digital gates like LED, sensors and actuators and solenoids are assigned to this gate. For each and every gate the address will be allocated. The ladder program that where written in RSlogic 500 should be downloaded and switch it to run mode. Close the RSlogic and execute the project that was done in winlog Pro software project manager. Thus, the program and the logic were tested and the results are achieved successfully without any error. References: Referred notes by J.G.Pierce. http://www.sielcosistemi.com/en/products/winlog_scada_hmi/