Behaviors and Practices of Nursing Students

Practices and Practices of Nursing Students Outline and Critical Appraisal of the Studies The entirety of the included investigations obviously delineated their examination question, reason, target populace, test and its qualities. Out of 11 investigations, five examinations utilized cross sectional plan (1, 9-12), two investigations utilized longitudinal structure (13-14), two investigations utilized trial structures (8, 15), and one examination each utilized subjective (16) and activity research strategy (17). Out of 11 investigations, five examinations guided the exploration through the viewpoint of hypothetical structure (9, 11, 12, 14, 17). The example size extended from 15-300 and was enrolled utilizing helpful examining. None of the examinations utilized an arbitrary example. Moral endorsement and educated assent was acquired in the entirety of the investigations and basic measures were taken to guarantee secrecy and security of the members. The entirety of the examinations utilized substantial and solid information assortment instruments aside from certain scienti sts (1, 10, 11, 14). The analysts utilized suitable strategies for enlightening and inferential investigations. The detail discoveries and qualities and impediments of the investigations are introduced in table I. Discoveries The discoveries of this audit were accounted for under seven classifications in particular, physical and physiological self-care practices and practices, substance misuse and driving, wellbeing screening rehearses, enthusiastic and mental medicinal services practices and practices, components and intercessions affecting human services practices and practices, examination of social insurance practice of nursing and non-nursing understudies, and correlation of wellbeing practices and practice across scholarly years. Physical and Physiological Behaviors and Practices The physical and physiological practices and practices of nursing understudies was the most tedious subject in the majority of the investigations (1, 9-17). In view of discoveries of this survey, it was characterized as the practices or works on concerning diet or sustenance, practice or physical exercises, and dozing propensities for understudies. The entirety of the investigations under this subject revealed sound self-care practices of understudies with the exception of two examinations (1, 10). For instance, Horneffer (11) found that out of 300 understudies, 58% understudies practiced normally while just 4% didn't work out. Nevins and Sherman (2016) found that out of 119 understudies, 77.7% ate a fair eating regimen while 22.6% once in a while ate adjusted eating routine, 62% understudies revealed drinking around 3 to 8 glasses of water every day, 34% practiced consistently and 24.5% practiced once in a while, yet 70% understudies didn't practice enough. Reliably, Chow and Kalisc huk (12) found that out of 211 understudies, 83% used to rest 6 to 8 hours around evening time; 60% announced that the rest was satisfactory while 37% revealed insufficient rest, 65% understudies detailed drinking four to eight glasses of water or squeeze a day, 77% understudies ate adjusted eating routine (49% every now and again and 28% reliably), and 71% understudies practiced normally or incidentally while 4% didn't practice by any stretch of the imagination. Clã ©ment et al., (13) watched self-care practices of understudies for three back to back years: 1992, 1993, and 1994. The creators announced that dominant part of the understudies detailed having sufficient rest (1992= 73%, 1993= 79%, 1994= 71%), eating adjusted eating regimen (1992= 88%, 1993= 81%, 1994= 79%), and doing satisfactory exercise (1992= 81%, 1993= 81%, 1994= 67%). Comparable discoveries were accounted for by different specialists (8, 14-17). In any case, Ashcraft and Gatto (1) and Haddad et al., (10) detailed that understudies had low to direct self-care practices. The mean self-care rehearses on wellbeing duty, physical movement, and sustenance ran from 2.07 to 2.58 demonstrating low self-care rehearses (10). When all is said in done, the proof recommends that understudies have great self-alarm rehearses as far as sustenance, rest, drinking water, and physical movement. Siappos et al., (16) subjective discoveries certifies this in light of the fact that the understudies understood the significance of adjusted eating regimen, dynamic way of life, satisfactory rest, and body cleanliness in keeping up their self-care. Substance Abuse and Driving Practices A few examinations revealed substance misuse including tobacco, liquor, and unlawful medication use and driving propensities for nursing understudies (11-14, 16). By and large, the entirety of the examinations revealed that nursing understudies abstained from smoking, liquor utilization, tranquilize misuse, and use wellbeing measures while driving. For instance, Siappos et al., (16) announced that understudies would not like to utilize tobacco and medications since they thought of them as a danger to their wellbeing and security. Horneffer (11) revealed that 71% understudies never smoked and 18% never devoured liquor. Notwithstanding, 5% who smoked were not keen on stopping and 38% who devoured liquor didn't mean to avoid it. Chow and Kalischuk (12) found that 59% understudies devoured liquor every so often while 35% didn't expend at all and 85% understudies were non-smokers. This was the most elevated level of liquor utilization in all the evaluated examinations. In like manner, Clà £ ©ment et al., (13) found that more than three years, 80 to 93% understudies didn't expend liquor, 80% to 90% kept away from smoking, and 94% to 90% wear safety belts while driving. Shriver and Scott-Stiles (14) evaluated self-care practices of 71 nursing understudies more than two years. The analysts found that there was improvement in oneself consideration practices of nursing understudies in regards to liquor and unlawful medication use; in the main year 9.9% understudies expended liquor and 1.4 % utilized illicit medications, while in the second year 8.8% devoured liquor and 0 % utilized unlawful medications. As to propensities, an improvement was seen; in the primary year 57.7% consistently wear safety belt as drivers and 39.4% as travelers, while in the second year this rate expanded to 77.2% and 57.9% individually. Then again, the understudies smoked more in the subsequent year (8.8%) contrasted with first year (7.0%). Be that as it may, the consequences of this investigatio n ought to be summed up with alert because of 9.94% steady loss of nursing understudies in the subsequent year. Wellbeing Screening Practices Wellbeing screening works on including Pap smear, self-bosom assessments, self-testicular assessment, and general screening were evaluated by just two investigations. Clã ©ment et al., (13) surveyed self-care practices of understudies concerning self-bosom assessments, clinical bosom assessment, and Pap smear. The scientists found that high level of nursing understudies occupied with clinical bosom assessment (1992= 75%, 1993= 79%, and 1994= 77%) and Pap smear (1992= 67%, 1993= 69%, and 1994= 81%) contrasted with self-bosom assessment (1992= 27%, 1993= 41%, and 1994= 43%). Shriver and Scott-Stiles (14) found that the level of understudies occupied with a large portion of wellbeing screening rehearses expanded from first year to second year. For instance, self-bosom assessment (23.3% to 33.3%), self-testicular test (0% to 33.3%), and circulatory strain checking (83.1 to 87.7%). Be that as it may, there was a slight reduction in certain territories, for example, cholesterol observing (31.0% to 29.8%) and safe sex rehearses (63.4% to 50.9%). When all is said in done, the outcomes are blended yet shows that understudies connect with themselves in their wellbeing screening and understand its significance in keeping up self-care. Enthusiastic and Psychological Behaviors and Practices A few examinations talked about the passionate, mental and strong self-care practices and practices of understudies (1, 8-12, 17). For this survey, such practices involved pressure the board, profound development, relational relations, and utilization of reciprocal treatments. Haddad et al., (10) revealed low scores on otherworldly development, relational relations and stress the board of both Canadian and Jordanian nursing understudies with mean scores: profound development (2.97 versus 2.98), relational relations (3.12 versus 2.78), and stress the board (2.46 versus 2.58). All in all, the scores showed that understudies didn't participate in sound passionate and mental self-care rehearses. As opposed to these discoveries, Stark (15) detailed commonly great mean scores on these two areas; profound development (3.27), relational relations (3.43) and low scores on pressure the executives (2.53). As to passionate self-care, Padykula (17) surveyed enthusiastic prosperity of understudies and announced a high mean score of 4.12. With respect to the utilization of reciprocal treatments by understudies, Nevins and Sherman (9) found that out of 119 understudies, 45% effectively utilized integral treatments, for example, yoga, music, and contemplation and keeping in mind that 54% denied utilizing such treatments. This high level of understudies not utilizing correlative treatments could be because of their absence of information. The specialists announced that understudies appraised their insight about such treatments 5.5 on the size of 10. Chow and Kalischuk (12) likewise found that out of 211 understudies, 76% understudies utilized corresponding treatments for keeping up their passionate and mental prosperity. The understudies chiefly utilized corresponding treatments: knead (54%), nutrients (49%), chiropractic (25%), home grown medication (24%), yoga (21%), fragrant healing (18%), and needle therapy (9%). In light of blended discoveries under this subject, it could be suggested that the information is inadequ ate to arrive at a resolution with regards to what degree understudies take part in self-care rehearses that advance their passionate and mental prosperity. Elements/Interventions impacting Self-Care Behaviors and Practices A few elements and mediations were accounted for to impact self-care practices and practices of understudies (1, 8-13, 15-17). The normal components were social convictions, discernments about wellbeing, watching mindfulness programs about self-care on TV (10), scholarly and clinical pressure and outstanding task at hand (13, 16), and expanded information on ailments, poor way of life propensities and their results, and significance of turning into a good example for patients (14). Concerning mediations, a few specialists tried the impact of intercessions on self-care practices of understudies. For instance, Stark et al., (8) and (15) tried the impact of wellbeing advancement intercession, while Padykula (17) examined the influ

Tragic Flaw Free Essays

also, The Flaw By Phanit Asavanamaung 10B Stories are told in numerous styles, through various medias; all which are to engage or teach its crowd. Christopher Booker, the writer of the book ‘The Seven Basic Plots’, presents the possibility of the seven essentials classifications of any story told. The seven fundamental paradigms are Over Coming the Monster, Rags to Riches, The Quest, Voyage and Return, Comedy, Rebirth and Tragedy. We will compose a custom paper test on Awful Flaw or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Disaster as one of the seven models, are found in an accounts; from the latest distributed novel to the nearly overlooked old legends of the earth. Disaster is for the most part used to portray when there is a demise in the story, yet which the term ‘tragedy’ can likewise be utilized to depict when the character has fallen into a lower state. It is better characterized when there is a defeat of the fundamental character in the story. In all the narratives which are classified under disaster, makes them thing in like manner. It is that those characters have a grievous imperfection; that impacts the character to their defeat. The heartbreaking defect for each character is extraordinary. It is affected by numerous components, for example, family and the earth they are presented to. These impacts lead to the demise of the unceasing adoration for Romeo and Juliet, or even the life of a school young lady, Alaska; in Looking for Alaska. The heartbreaking imperfection of a character is affected by numerous variables, prompting the character’s ruin. The grievous imperfection could be seen when there is a choice to be settled on, and an inappropriate decision is taken. The choice took, is impacted by the characters understanding and furthermore the condition that they are in. The experience of the character is from before, about their families and their condition. This could result an appalling imperfection to the character by making a scar to the character intellectually. On the off chance that the character was inadequately treated in their youth, or have encountered a horrendous mishap; this could cause a defect in the character. On occasion, when the state of the character is best case scenario, the sad blemish will impact the character’s choice, and which will in the end lead to the defeat of themselves. There are many sort of disastrous blemishes and which a character may grow more than one imperfection. By having more defects, the character will probably be impacted by more occasions, which will make the character to turn out to be increasingly powerless, in the sad state. These imperfections could be found since the early legend of Jason, on a mission to locate the Golden Fleece, which it additionally wound up in disaster. The defects that are most normal are from being dealt with gravely as a kid or from being blinded with affection. Romeo and Juliet, the celebrated story of the two ‘star crossed lovers’ of the competition between the two families, winding up in catastrophe. The explanation for the destruction of the couple isn't from the contention between their families, however it is really their imperfection. As per Chrisxbales papers, it depicts the relationship of the two as, ‘are not in affection, however in lust’. There are numerous defects between the two characters, mix of adolescence and hardheadedness. It could be seen that the two characters hurries into things, for example, the primary experience of the two. Romeo says, â€Å"If I profane with my unworthiest hand/This heavenly sanctum, the delicate sin is this:/My lips, two becoming flushed travelers, prepared stand/To smooth that harsh touch with a delicate kiss. † (1. 5. 92-95) The announcement shows verification of how from the start experience, Romeo chooses to approach Juliet for a kiss, even without knowing one another. This is a proof of adolescence. Additionally the two, chooses to disregard the exhortation given from Friar Lawrence, and which they have wound up dying. They likewise disregard the most evident of which their relationship won't be well, with their family strife. The principle defect of the Romeo and Juliet is that they are both blinded with affection, making them obstinate and youthful. The arrangement of occasions were impacted by the blemish of the two characters, making them winding up in disaster. Not exclusively could that appalling blemish be seen in great stories, yet in addition in current writing. A case of present day writing would be, Looking for Alaska by John Green. The story is about the life of Miles Halter after he moved to the Culver Creek School. He at that point describes of the experience of being with his companions, telling the disastrous completion of Alaska Young. Gold country Young was no conventional school young lady, she is the young lady who plays out tricks on everybody and which does all the awful things she can do. Once while the gathering of companions were off smoking, Alaska has expressed that,† You folks smoke in light of the fact that it’s fun, however I smoke to kick the bucket. † This presents the main blemish of the character. She doesn't love or care about herself, in this way she will settle on decisions which are awful for herself. Later on, it was then informed that Alaska Young has a tragic past. In her youth, she has encountered the demise of her mom, and which she was accused by her dad of executing her mom. That has made a scar in Alaska, and which she continued accusing herself for everything that turned out badly and that she was bombing everybody. She was then discovered, dead in a fender bender endeavoring to self destruction; accusing herself for overlooking her mother’s commemoration. These were the disastrous defect of the character and which everything began by being abused in her youth. The blemish has assumed control over the character and impacted her every day demonstration. By not being cognizant about what is the best decision for the individuals around and themselves, they would wind up with an issue. By not taking care of the issue appropriately, other issue will show up. This will proceed, until it has arrived at its most exceedingly awful, for example, passing or the correct choice is made. All in all, catastrophe consistently winds up with the defeat of the character, which is brought about by their unfortunate imperfection. It could be seen through the instances of Romeo and Juliet, and the destruction of Alaska, in Looking for Alaska, that everything began from individuals around them. Families and companions are generally persuasive on what they will grow up to resemble. It is the place their future and their destiny are chosen. By being abused or instructed to act severely towards others, it can cause an imperfection. The imperfection will be covered up in the individual, until when the individual is at a horrendous or freezing state. Every individual has an alternate defect, and which they may result on growing more than one blemish. As clarified, these imperfections will impact every individual to settle on an off-base decision. As once expressed by Mahatma Ghandi, â€Å"Nobody can hurt me without my consent. † Referring that nobody can hurt you, except if you hurt yourself. The statement bolsters the imperfection of the character that it is their own flaw that lead to their defeat. So as to lessen the dangers of the effect of the blemish of every individual, it is significant that they are cognizant about the choice they are making. This might make the individual to think and pick the better decision for themselves and the individuals around them. Works Cited Green, John. Searching for Alaska: A Novel. New York: Dutton Children’s, 2005. Print. â€Å"Quotes About Hurt. † (337 Quotes). N. p. , n. d. Web. 02 Mar. 2013. ;http://www. goodreads. com/cites/tag/hurt;. â€Å"Romeo and Juliet’s Tragic Flaws. † Romeo and Juliet S Tragic Flaws. N. p. , n. d. Web. 02 Mar. 2013. ; The most effective method to refer to Tragic Flaw, Essay models

Guest Authors Of HellBound Bloggers January 2011

Guest Authors Of HellBound Bloggers â€" January 2011 Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Guest Authors Of HellBound Bloggers â€" January 2011Updated On 23/04/2017Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : EditorialShort URL : http://hbb.me/2oz4C54 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogAm happy to publish the first Guest Authors of HBB post of this year, as usual we got good response from the Guest Authors. January 2011 was a great month for us, we got around 19 Guest Authors and we are really happy with it.#1 Guest Blogging: So Why Should You Care?#2 You Blog. Should You Guest Blog?This month we had good number of Guest Authors, and Im damn sure you would have enjoyed all their lovely articles. Some authors even contributed 2-3 articles, which I really appreciate.Some of them are new to HBB Community, hope they enjoyed their stay! This article is also to ensure all the HBB readers are aware about our precious guest authors. ??#1 Vinayak Nagri : He is a 12 year old boy, w ho is currently studying in 7th class. He loves blogging. He also likes WWE and Cricket.Article : Top 5 Browsers Analyzed [Browser Wars]#2 Hemanth Kumar : Hemanth Kumar is the founder and author of Technified a Technology Blog on Softwares, Computers, Gadgets and Web Apps. He works as a SAP Consultant and live in Bangalore.Article : Why You Should Have About.me Personal Profile#3 #3 Sandeep Tripathy : Sandeep Tripathy is the creator of the Axetue Web Network which owns websites like Axetue.,com, Shawntimes.com and Axetue Music.Article : What Exactly Is Affiliate Marketing? [Part 2]#4 Andy : Andy blogs at iPhone 4 Jailbreak. He is a Web Designer by professional communist by nature.Article : Best Permalink Structure According To Google’s Eye#5 Warner Carter : He is a guy who likes the net and tech stuff, especially SEO. He works at an SEO Reseller company Endless Rise.Article : SEO â€" The Long Term Option For Advertising#6 Tim Arends : Tim Arends is the Webmaster of Intern etMacMarketing.com. He has been a user of Macs since 1994.Article : How Mac Users Can Make Money Through Their Blogs#7 Anshul Tewari : Anshul is the Founder and Editor-in-Chief of YouthKiAwaaz.com, which is a World Summit Youth Award 2010, awardee online platform for the youth to express themselves on issues of importance.Article : How I Lost All My WordPress Data How I Got It Back#8 Neil Adams : Neil Adams is a professional blogger, internet marketer and web developer.Article : 4 Tips To Design A Perfect Website For Boosting Your Internet Marketing Efforts#9 Sulakshan : Sulakshan is running a price comparison engine for books and mobile phones â€" MySmartPrice.com.READHellBound Bloggers (HBB) Overview - April 2012Article : Everything You Wanted To Know About Mobile Number Portability (In India)#10 Jasmine : Jasmine is an experienced web developer and web consultant. She is also the chief editor at Best Web Host â€" a web hosting review and resources website.Article : 5 Easy St eps To Speed Up Your Website and 5 Reasons Why Firefox Is My Favorite Web Browser#11 Usman Nasir : He is the co-owner of FirstHosting , FirstHosting provide Reliable and Affordable Web Hosting services including Shared, Reseller and Master Reseller with Free Support and Billing System.Article : What Are Press Releases â€" Newbies Simple Guide#12 Shariq : He is a professional blogger and loves to write on Technology and Softwares related to Windows, Mac, Android etc.Article : 3 Professional Tools To Design And Edit PDF eBooks and 2 Effective Windows Applications For Hindi Typing.#13 Jessy Troy : She is a stay-at-home mom who loves to collect green and craft ideas on her little fun blog DIY Gadgets.Articles : 10 Essential Traits Of The Best Bloggers Out There and 7 Simple Tips To Enhance Your WordPress Blog Security.#14 Selena Narayanasamy : She loves all things technology, blogging, productivity, social media and caffeine. You can find her writing on her social/tech website Esvi enne.Article : 7 Brands With Fans Who Love Them To The Core#15 Dharmesh Ba : Dharmesh Ba is a typical Internet Lover, an engineer by education and a blogger by passion.Article : 5 Questions You Might Ask About Facebook Messages#16 Gouthaman Karunakaran : Gouthaman Karunakaran is a Freelancer, Student for English literature, Founder of PC Geek Blog.Article : 3 Great Android Phones Within 10K (INR)#17 David Price : David Price is the blogger from Actions Trumps Everything.Article : 5 Tips From Successful Entrepreneurs To Boost Social Media Marketing Strategy#18 Peter J : Peter is a 15 year old blogger from Australia and the owner behind ideas bubble. He tries to share as much as He can on blogging, twitter, social networking and the web.Article : Mozilla Firefox 4 Should Be Set For Release Any Day Now#19 Praveen Sivaraman : Praveen Sivaraman is the Editor-in-Chief and CEO of Techperk. An Engineering Graduate with a passion for technology, a knack for writing and most importantly addicted to Blogging.Article : Do’s And Don’ts For Making Blogging As Your CareerIf you wish to be a part of HBB, you can become a guest author by contributing Guest Posts. Do check Join HBB and Guest Blogging Rules. Cheers.

Reported Speech Quiz for English Learners

Dr. Miller s Heart Of Darkness - 1936 Words

Since the publication of Heart of Darkness, it has been the center of a great deal of controversy that revolves around its depiction of the natives of the continent of Africa at the height of European Imperialism. J. Miller argues that we must first read Heart of Darkness if we are to decide whether or not we should read Heart of Darkness. He also believes that Conrad himself is not racist, but rather he is ironically portraying the prevailing thought in Europe at the time of the novel. Chinua Achebe, however, argues that we do not know if Conrad is being ironically racist or not, but nevertheless his racism is present and is perpetuating the ignorant view that African society is inherently more primitive than that of Europe. This thought has rationalized the Imperialism in Africa and the world for centuries, which makes the novel inherently problematic, especially through his portrayal of African characters in the novella. 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(1575)The Contradictions Of Profunc An Analysis Of The

(1575)The Contradictions of PROFUNC: An Analysis of the Problem of Human Rights and the Democratic Process in Cold War Canada In this political study the problem of human rights and the democratic process will be analyzed in the anti-communist contradictions of the covert Canadian operation called PROFUNC (PROminent FUNCtionaries of the communist party. PROFUNC defines a major problem with the democratic process by secretly monitoring and spying on communist party affiliates living in Canada in the aftermath of WWII. This Cold War policy not only sought to monitor communist, but it also sought to intern them in the potential WWWIII scenario with the Soviet Union. This type of policy defines a form of authoritarian type of governance that†¦show more content†¦It was a secret plan of the Canadian government to round up and imprison Canadian citizens who were communists or affiliated with communism. This plan, in hindsight, an indication of the extremes the Canadian government was willing to go through in its fight against communism (Chisholm 77). This type of secretive government program certainly defines the contradictions of a so-called democratic country, which has continually propagandized the idea of equal rights and the right of individuals to have different political ideas. The role of the RCMP actually presents a type of â€Å"police state† mentality that projects a threat to democracy as a part of human rights violations committed by the Canadian government during this time. The Cold Ear ideology of â€Å"capitalism versus communism† certainly created a hyper-reactionary dualism in Canadian politics, which viewed anyone who supported communism as an enemy of the state. PROFUNC certainly defines a concerted effort by government officials and the RCMP to monitor Canadian communists with the future potential of having them imprisoned during a time of war with the Soviet Union. Another problem with the PROFUNC program was that it was being used for monitoring and surveillance of worker’s unions and other anti-capitalist groups that did not directly support the Soviet communist ideology. Initially, the PROFUNC program was being utilized to stop the

Disease of Parkinson-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about Parkinsons Disease. Answer: Introduction Parkinsons disease is a movement disorder, associated with degeneration of neurons in the Central Nervous System In this case study, John Magill, a 75 year old male has been admitted to the hospital following a fall at home. He has been diagnosed with Parkinsons disease and suffering from the same for the past five years that caused generalized tremors and diminished mobility. Upon admission, he complained of hip and back pain. An X-ray analysis revealed no fractures in lower limbs. However, sustained generalized bruising was observed in hips and buttocks alongside skin tear in right hip. Johns vital parameters were found to be within normal range with the exception of respiratory rate that might have escalated due to suddenness of the situation following fall. The normal breathing rate for a person falls within the range of 14-20 that deviated for John (Wallin, 2013). A thorough analysis of his medical records reveals that he is under medications for the chronic ailment condition. F urther acquisition of his social information represented that he is dependent on his wife who takes care of him and she herself is survived with multiple myeloma like disease condition. Moreover he is also found to be a non-smoker and on raer occasions indulge in drinking alcohol. Causes of Parkinsons disease A combination of neurological, genetic and environmental factors is responsible for manifestation of the disease. A neurotransmitter dopamine is present in the corpus striatum and substantia nigra regions of the basal ganglia. It produces controlled movements. Loss of motor activity in the disease occurs due to loss of dopamine producing cells from the substantia nigra. This reduces the amounts fo dopamine. The reduction in the levels of the neurotransmitter hinders effective communication between the two regions of the basal ganglia (Benazzouz et al., 2014). This leads to movement impairment. Some genetic mutations are also associated with prevalence of the disease. Several research studies have provided evidence for the association of mutations in the PINK1, parkin, DJ-1 and LRRK2 genes with Parkinsons disease (Sanders et al., 2014). Certain environmental factors like exposure to pesticides and toxins also predispose a person to the disease. Risk factors related to health condition Several risk factors have been distinctly linked with the onset of Parkinsons disease. Some of them are heredity, age, toxin exposure and sex. Prevalence of the disease in a close relative increases the likelihood of getting affected with the condition. The disease rarely develops in young adults. It is more common ion advanced age beyond 60 years. The disease conditions worsen as the age progresses (Reeve, Simcox Turnbull, 2014). Research has shown that men are more likely to get affected with the disease than females. Furthermore, prolonged exposure to pesticides, herbicides and other toxins may also increase the risk of the disease. Clinical manifestations of health condition Parkinsons disease is a progressive neurological degeneration, the symptoms of which worsen as the disease advances. Tremor in hands is common manifestation of the disease with additional symptoms related to stiffness, slow movement and loss of balance. Tremors in limbs, hands or due to postural difficulties might occur. Cognitive impairments might occur, depicted through difficulty in understanding, thinking, amnesia and dementia like condition. Till date no specific diagnostic examination has been put forth to detect the disease. However, neurological examinations are routinely performed to detect the disease. In case a person exhibits any two of the symptoms associated with rigidity, tremor and bradykinesia or slow and retarded movement, the presence of Parkinsonism is usually confirmed (Adler Beach, 2016). Physical assessment of health condition Physical assessment studies confirm that the essential feature of Parkinsonism is display of tremor at rest. Muscular stiffness in combination with contraction lead to rigidity in the muscles. Other diagnostic symptoms are body fatigue, sleep disturbances, speech impairment and masked facial expression. Certain sensory disturbances like depression or anxiety related mood disorders and urine inconsistency may also occur. The handwriting of the affected person gets changed (Micrographia). Other related symptoms encompass swallowing difficulty, constipation, weight loss and falls (that lead to injury). Some physical examinations also reveal the presence of oily skin and postural hypotension in patients. (Lee Koh,2015). Medical management of health condition Treatment concerning Parkinsonism is often related to relieving the signs and symptoms of the disease rather than focusing on eliminating the chief causes. It may be achieved in the following three ways: Pharmacological: Restoration of supply of dopamine neurotransmitter to the brain is promoted through administration of certain medications that include drugs like Levodopa, Benzhexol (Artnae), Selegiline (Eldepryl) and others. Following prolonged application of the drug, potency of the drug might be decreased and side effects might occur that may be reverted on withdrawing the medicine for some time and restarting the drug regime at later hour (Agndez et al., 2013). Non-pharmacological: Non-drug therapies are significant in providing treatment. These interventions include educating and counselling the caregivers and the patients. Information is generally provided on drugs like riswperidone, metoclopramide and prochlorperazine, which should be avoided owing to their dopamine blocking activity. Physiotherapy and physical training programs are promoted among patients to increase their fitness, gait, posture and wellbeing (Bloem, de Vries Ebersbach, 2015). Surgical: Deep brain stimulation approach is directed to stimulate through delivery of specific current and cause destruction of the brain tissues that are responsible for generating abnormal functions through placement of electrodes in areas such as thalamus or subthalamic nuclei or globus pallidus (Szlufik et al., 2016). Another novel technique include the introduction of human foetal dopamine cell transplants in the basal ganglia region to induce the production of viable dopamine producing cells to the brain (Hallett et al., 2015). More recently repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) therapy is utilized to apply the magnetic field strength for stimulating the nerve cells in the brain for the purpose of improving the symptoms of the disease (Flamez et al., 2016) Nursing Care Plan Nursing Diagnosis Goal Intervention Rationale Evaluation Impaired speech with soft voice that causes the slurring of speech making it incoherent and difficult to understand Improved response for better communication and expression of thoughts Introduction of speech improvement exercises Customized speech therapy program in consultation with the speech therapist through referral Analysis of the efficiency of treatment on speech impairment progression through examination of text reading, syllable repetition, phonation and monologs (Rusz et al., 2013). Improvement in voice quality, pitch, variability and articulation was observed after 2 years of the therapy. Restricted mobility due to tremors Improved mobility Educating the patient to maintain erect posture with feet separated and arms swinging Observation of simple stretching and strengthening exercises such as walking, performing aerobic exercise and swimming Conscious efforts to maintain normal gait minimize the chance of loss of balance and fall Complications and adversities such as pain and loss of coordination due to Parkinsonism may be curtailed following exercise regime (Rafferty et al., 2017) Slight but significant improvement in mobility is noticed within 1 week Discharge Plan A proper discharge plan for John will cater to addressing the essential needs pertinent to his condition. Management and effective operation of the activities of daily living must be ensured through proper education and cascading of information to the patient as well as his caregiver at home. John must be made aware of the precautions he needs to take to prevent further fall accidents. He must be taught to adhere to the prescribed medications and conform to proper diet to maintain his health and wellbeing. A written chart may be provided to him mentioning the schedule of taking the medicines for ease of understanding. It is also imperative to keep the home environment proper so that hazards and risks may be avoided largely. Small renovations should be made to assist the patients. Such changes include removal of any potential obstacles form the room that can lead to a fall, having nonslip mats in bathrooms, installing more lights in the house and building railings along the walls to h elp the patient maintain balance (Canning et al., 2015). Expert opinion and customized recommendations from concerned experts related to maintenance of mobility, diet and speech may be sought from physical therapist, dietician and speech therapist respectively. Conclusion Parkinsons disease is referred to as a debilitating neuro-degenerative disease that exacerbates with progressive age. Tremors in the limbs are the commonest detectable symptoms of the disease although the root cause has not yet been unraveled. Restricted mobility significantly thwarts daily activities of the patient thereby posing challenges to his quality of life. Therefore, conduct of proper nursing diagnosis to drive necessary interventions is imperative to offer prudent treatment options for the concerned patient. Moreover, comprehensive discharge plan might render benefits by suggesting strict compliance to prescribed medications, conforming to personal care, safety and seeking intervention from allied healthcare experts that in turn will aid in holistic improvement of the patient. References Adler, C. H., Beach, T. G. (2016). Neuropathological basis of nonmotor manifestations of Parkinson's disease.Movement Disorders,31(8), 1114-1119. Agndez, J. A., Garca-Martn, E., Alonso-Navarro, H., Jimnez-Jimnez, F. J. (2013). Anti-Parkinson's disease drugs and pharmacogenetic considerations.Expert opinion on drug metabolism toxicology,9(7), 859-874. Benazzouz, A., Mamad, O., Abedi, P., Bouali-Benazzouz, R., Chetrit, J. (2014). Involvement of dopamine loss in extrastriatal basal ganglia nuclei in the pathophysiology of Parkinsons disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience,6. Bloem, B. R., de Vries, N. M., Ebersbach, G. (2015). Nonpharmacological treatments for patients with Parkinson's disease.Movement Disorders,30(11), 1504-1520. Canning, C. G., Sherrington, C., Lord, S. R., Close, J. C., Heritier, S., Heller, G. Z., ... O'Rourke, S. D. (2015). Exercise for falls prevention in Parkinson disease A randomized controlled trial.Neurology,84(3), 304-312. Flamez, A., Cordenier, A., De Raedt, S., Michiels, V., Smetcoren, S., Van Merhaegen-Wieleman, A., ... Baeken, C. (2016). Bilateral low frequency rTMS of the primary motor cortex may not be a suitable treatment for levodopa-induced dyskinesias in late stage Parkinson's disease.Parkinsonism related disorders,22, 62-67. Hallett, P. J., Deleidi, M., Astradsson, A., Smith, G. A., Cooper, O., Osborn, T. M., ... Schumacher, J. M. (2015). Successful function of autologous iPSC-derived dopamine neurons following transplantation in a non-human primate model of Parkinsons disease.Cell stem cell,16(3), 269-274. Lee, H. M., Koh, S. B. (2015). Many faces of Parkinsons disease: non-motor symptoms of Parkinsons disease.Journal of movement disorders,8(2), 92. Rafferty, M. R., Schmidt, P. N., Luo, S. T., Li, K., Marras, C., Davis, T. L., ... Simuni, T. (2017). Regular exercise, quality of life, and mobility in Parkinsons disease: a longitudinal analysis of national parkinson foundation quality improvement initiative data.Journal of Parkinson's disease,7(1), 193-202. Reeve, A., Simcox, E., Turnbull, D. (2014). Ageing and Parkinson's disease: why is advancing age the biggest risk factor?.Ageing research reviews,14, 19-30. Rusz, J., ?mejla, R., R?Ã… ¾i?kov, H., Klemp?, J., Majerov, V., Picmausov, J., ... R?Ã… ¾i?ka, E. (2013). Evaluation of speech impairment in early stages of Parkinsons disease: a prospective study with the role of pharmacotherapy.Journal of Neural Transmission,120(2), 319-329. Sanders, L. H., Laganire, J., Cooper, O., Mak, S. K., Vu, B. J., Huang, Y. A., ... Langston, J. W. (2014). LRRK2 mutations cause mitochondrial DNA damage in iPSC-derived neural cells from Parkinson's disease patients: reversal by gene correction.Neurobiology of disease,62, 381-386. Szlufik, S., Szumilas, M., Dutkiewicz, J., Koziorowski, D., Mandat, T., Slubowska, E. (2016). The impact of STN DBS on kinetic tremor in Parkinsons disease patients.Parkinsonism Related Disorders,22, e109-e110. Takizawa, C., Gemmell, E., Kenworthy, J., Speyer, R. (2016). A systematic review of the prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in stroke, Parkinsons disease, Alzheimers disease, head injury, and pneumonia.Dysphagia,31(3), 434-441. Wallin, B. G. (2013). Intraneural recordings of normal and abnormal sympathetic activity in humans.Autonomic Failure: A Textbook of Clinical Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System, 323-331.

Global Information Systems (GIS)

According to Deans Karwan (1994, p. 26), a global information system is an information system that is specially designed to collect and process information that is related to a specific field. The system also integrates, evaluates and communicates the processed knowledge.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Information Systems (GIS) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, Oxford University Press further defines, â€Å"global marketing is marketing on a worldwide scale reconciling or taking commercial advantage of global operational differences, similarities and opportunities in order to meet global objectives.† As to the objective of this paper, it will show the importance and advantages of a GIS strategy that will propel a local industry player hoping to achieve results, attain and sustain the local tourism company in a profitable operation while catering to the local market demand. Understandin g of GIS A GIS supports any application that requires the processed knowledge. The modern technology advancement has led to the development of data management systems that are in a position to support enormous information reliably. GIS has led to standardization of data communication. GIS has a profound impact on travel agencies and organizations. A GIS is relevant for communication of knowledge and relevant tourist destinations throughout the world. The main components of a global information system that lead to fast data communication to the organization are software tools that can capture and store data in bulk such as a guided data storage software (Deans Karwan, 1994, p. 38). A GIS encompasses many levels of analysis including international policy analysis, international enterprise of an organization, groups or team and the overlay of technology. Global information systems development was motivated by increased international business and trade activities especially since the 1 980s. The GIS was also developed following a revolution of information technology in the U.S. according to Oz (2008, p. 180), the culture of development implementation and utilization of information technologies. A GIS is able to relay different kinds of information to different people throughout the world. Due to advanced technology, information is an important ingredient to firms and most organizations utilize information as a competitive advantage. The internet enabled sharing of information and reduction of business costs. A travel agency that needs to increase its profitability should make information a competitive advantage and use a Global information system to communicate on the relevant tourism sites (Oz, 2008, p. 335).Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The modern world requires that organizations use modern technology with information as a competitive advantage. The exc hange of information through the internet reduces the operating cost of the firm. The firm can communicate and exchange information through the internet. In addition, the internet can be used for e-commerce and e-business. The tourism organization can utilize these technological options to increase its operations online and boost its market share after determination of international tourist destinations. In addition, the use of a GIS by the company can lead to increased market share. Key Categories of a GIS There are several categories of a global information system. The different categories of a GIS system are the country, choices, concentration, culture, consumption, capacity, currency and channels. Others are Commitment, communication, contracts and caveat. Country A country is an important category in global information systems because it forms the environment for the operation of an organization. Information on the country in which the organization operates is relevant to the o rganization because it provides the relevant information regarding the existing business opportunities in the country and the possibility of their exploitation. For instance, GIS information availability in the local country is able to target and identify a best tourism destination such as China, thru its GIS ability to take into account the economy outlook, business trend and general market trend of the current preferred destination of a local/ global consumer. If the GIS points towards China, it should provide information on tourist sites in China such as the physical features (e.g. the Great Wall of China) and other developed tourism destination attractions in the targeted tourism destination country. These features are important opportunities that can be exploited by the travel company. A country category of the GIS is usually structured around SLEPT factors. The information contained in the database is obtained through visits and reports, press cutting, other international orga nizations operating in OECD countries and other intelligent market sources such as trade associations’ reports.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Information Systems (GIS) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The database on the country is therefore vital for effective performance of the travel agency in the country. For example, based on the economy and business outlook, be it for leisure or business, due to economic/business interest or with the sudden development of targeted tourism destination which in this case based on current GIS info which can be China. Local travel agency will be able to identify current consumer trend from both the business and leisure sectors, which currently China is ranked as one of the top choices for either business or leisure tourism destination. These factual evidence which can easily retrieved thru GIS and local survey, helps local travel company cuts down on unnecessar y operational RD costs by focusing a niche market with well planned out operational support and attractive tourism itinerary for either market sectors. Choices All travel agencies would like to find out other travel destinations in the world and explore the best destination for its market penetration and cater to its targeted consumer demands. The consumers in the different markets have different tastes and preferences and therefore consume different products. A global information system has a database on the different tastes and preferences and consumption trends in different countries in the world. For example, a business consumer sector would view a targeted country destination based on the targeted country destination of choice based on general economy outlook and investment opportunities in preferred country. Whereas for the leisure consumer market, it is largely based on the general market trend as to where is the preferred destination based on various factors such as current most fashionable city, current top tourism spots, current most value for money destination etc. In addition, a GIS category of choices provides the variety of products and services that the travel agency can provide to its clients. For instance, some consumers are interested in religious or historical sites, wildlife, natural scenery and unique physical features such as the Great Wall of China, which is one of the top ten wonders of the world. Using primary research, choices of products and services preferred by consumers are revealed. Other substitutes are also of importance to the sale of the company products and services in different markets (IRMA Khosrowpour, 2001, p. 161). Concentration Market concentration is the extent to which firms take up the market share. A market with many firms as opposed to a group of small firms with small market shares indicate a high concentration while a market that has few firms with less market share indicates lack of concentration (saturation) respectively.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Information on market concentration is important for any organization because it helps the organization determines the strategies to increase the market share and or venture into other potential markets (IRMA Khosrowpour, 2001). A GIS is an important system because it can provide important information regarding the different market concentrations of different travel markets in the world. The information revealed in the GIS on market concentration in the operating country and can help the travel agency segment the market and locate its offices. Market concentration on other international market will help the company make decisions on whether to venture into the market or not. Where the company decides to venture into the market, it will have enough knowledge on market segmentation and location of its subsidiaries (IRMA Khosrowpour, 2001, p. 870). The travel agency can access information on contained in the GIS system in the local on Chinese tourism industry concentration. The Chine se tourism industry is still growing there is some degree of concentration. The gaps in the tourism industry in China concentrations are receding as concentration in the industry increases rapidly. Areas of high levels of concentration include areas such as Tianjin, Pearl River and Yangtze River deltas. Other information on concentration provided by the GIS includes the market players such as Beijing Capital Tourism co. Ltd, China CYTS Tours Holding co. Ltd, Huangshan Tourism Development Co. Ltd among others (Eng, 2008). Using this information as provided by the GIS, the firm would be able to segment the market and strategize on competing effectively with its competitors. Culture Culture is an important aspect of the society and the market. Culture comprises of beliefs systems of people, language, religion and their value system. Cultural elements the behavior of people hence differences in consumption habits and trends. Language as an element of culture determines the interaction b etween the company, suppliers and its clients in different markets. Information on different languages, religions in China provided by a GIS system such as Yaho, Hui, Manchu, Miao and Dong among others is important to the organization because it will help the company to hire the right people to coordinate company activities in the Chinese Tourism industry (Kuper, 2000, p. 57). It is important that during the development of a GIS, a database on the culture of the Chinese people be established. Using the information in the system, the travel company should review the impact of different cultures found in China on the performance of the firm. The performance of the different products and services of the company in different the Chinese market should be reviewed with respect to the culture in the market. This is because culture influences consumption tastes and preferences of consumers. China has a rich culture comprising of Chinese medicine, festivals, kungfu among many others. These C hinese cultural aspects affect tourism consumption in China. The travel agency should utilize this information on cultural diversity of China from a GIS to strategize on venturing in the country. Culture does not only apply to a given market. It can also be applied to the organization. For effective performance of the travel agency, the travel agency should develop a good organizational culture that involves high communication and teamwork (Kuper, 2000, p. 69) Consumption Consumption is the act of purchasing a given good or service and using it as per your needs. Through consumption, a company can obtain revenue while the consumer can obtain satisfaction through utility. All consumers are rational consumers and they make rational consumption decisions. Consumption decisions are influenced by many factors including the levels of income, price, price of substitutes and compliments and specific needs of the consumers (Deans Karwan, 1994, p. 287). A GIS provide all details on consumpti on. A GIS system will track the changes in the consumption in different countries. The trends in tourism consumption in China as revealed by the system China are of importance to the travel agency could enable the company manage its inventory and distribution channels effectively. The statistics on consumption for different consumers of the travel services and products located in china is relevant to the travel company in deciding the products and prices to offer when venturing into China. For instance, increasing tourism trends in China as indicated by a GIS will help the company in forecasting future sales in the market (Research and markets, 2004). Capacity The information on the clients of the travel agency is vital for decisions on the transactions between the company and the clients. The information also influences the value and type of services to be offered. A GIS provides the detailed address and location of customers. As the company prepares to venture into China as a tour ist destination, a GIS will provide details of the location and addresses of clients in addition to their credit rating. This is important to the travel agency especially in determining the credit worthiness of clients and the types of contracts and terms and conditions of the contracts to be entered into. In addition, the system provides the credit rating of the customer hence the ability to rate the credit worthiness of the client. The credit worthiness of the customer is important in determining the terms and conditions to be contracted by the company with the client (Oz, 2008, p. 144). Currency Currency is useful as a medium of exchange for the travel company. Different countries have different currencies that have different values. A global travel agency that is interested in knowing different tourism destinations in the world is also interested in the currencies of the destinations. The different exchange rates are of importance to the travel agency because it determines the p rices to be offered in different for the different company products and services. A GIS will provide the exchange rates of the Yuan and the USD to the company so that the firm can constantly review its invoices for tourists touring China as a destination for tourism (Oz, 2008, p. 82). Channels Channels are well included in a supply chain. An integrated supply chain that utilizes the latest technology should incorporate the company, its suppliers and consumers. Media channels and distribution channels need constant review to ensure that the most appropriate channels are used. In addition, the firm should utilize the most cost effective channel. Information concerning the available communication, advertising and transaction channels is provided by a global information system. The system contains the channels for different markets and countries. The travel agency can regularly review its channels to fit into the Chinese market that it intends to venture after obtaining information on t he Chinese market from the GIS. Commitment For realization of the management goals and profit maximization, a GIS must indicate the commitment of the organization meeting the consumer needs. The system should cover all markets in China and provide statistics of the market regardless of whether the company operates in the market actively or whether China is a possible venture in future. By committing itself to venture into China, the firm should be committed through ways such as contracts with Chine firms and other tourist supporting organization such as the those in hospitality industry. Communication According to Deans Karwan (1994, p. 358), information is an important factor in the modern business environment. A global information system should ensure effective communication with every person consulting it for any kind of information. The system should collect and contain information and statistics regarding the development and the impact of communication systems globally. Howeve r, the company should take necessary care to secure its company details to avoid stealing its vital strategy information by its competitors. As the company prepares to venture into China as a travel destination, it should utilize information on the GIS concerning China’s tourist destinations to communicate to its clients using the internet. This is necessary for more clients and profit. However, the information communicated should be safeguarded from competitors. Contracts Technology has led to increased international business. However, different countries and organizations involved in international business are subjected to different legal and political environments that influence their transactions. A GIS should provide different legal requirements for transacting business in different countries to the travel agency. These legal requirements are vital for transactions and contract by the travel company in the respective countries. The availability of legal requirements conc erning transactions by the company in different countries will necessitate e-commerce and e-business for the company in the markets. For instance, e-commerce contracts in China are governed by e-commerce legal regulations such as rules and regulations on information service of internet, regulation on telecom management and telecom services standards that can be provided by a GIS. Through such online transactions, the company can reduce transaction costs and increase its profits (Xia, n.d, p. 4). Caveat According to IRMA Khosrowpour (2001, p. 1016), not all markets are safe to operate in. some countries are not safe and conducting business in such countries could result to a loss to the company. A caveat that is provided by a GIS system provides information on all market in all countries. Through such information, the travel company can realize safe and dangerous markets to trade in. the system will therefore provide danger signals regarding and giving the company either a go-ahead or a restrain from such markets. Warning signals are important in enabling the company avoiding dangerous contracts and loses. For instance, a GIS could provide a caveat on China’s inflation despite being a good tourist destination. Conclusion The information systems that are used by organizations in the modern world have changed leading to organization to use modern information systems to create competitive advantage. The information systems used by many organization use different approaches and methodologies. A GIS is important for the travel agency because it will provide the necessary information regarding the destinations in other countries in the world. The system will enhance communication and the way the company does business online. Statistics on the viability of markets in other countries is also of great importance because the company can use the trends in business in other markets to venture into the countries. The warning signals from the system will help the com pany avoid dangerous markets, countries and contracts. References Deans, C. Karwan, K. (1994) Global Information Systems and Technology: Focus on the Organization and its Functional Areas. Hershey, PA: IDEA Group. Inc. (IGI). Eng, (2008) The development of China’s Tourism Industry Cluster Analysis, Web. IRMA, Khosrowpour, M. (2001) Managing Information Technology in a Global Economy. Hershey, PA: IDEA Group. Inc. (IGI). Kuper, A. (2000) Culture: the Anthropologists’ account. Massachusetts, MA: Harvard University Press. Oz, E. (2008) Management Information Systems. 6th Edition. Florence, KY: Cengage Learning. Research and markets, (2004) China Tourism industry, Retrieved from: https://www.researchandmarkets.com/ This essay on Global Information Systems (GIS) was written and submitted by user RoxanneSimpson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

tennessee williams essays

tennessee williams essays Tennessee Williams was a brilliant but disturbed author who led a very controversial life. He was a man of many complexities. His life was plagued by family problems, promiscuous sex, hypochondria, and frequent drug use. This essay will detail Tennessee Williams life from his childhood to his death. Tennessee Williams was born on March 26, 1911 in Columbus, Mississippi. Born Thomas Lanier Williams, he had one older sister and one younger brother. He spent much of his childhoods in the home of his Episcopal minister grandfather. Toms father was a traveling shoe salesman who spent much of his time away from the family. Tom spent much of his time reading and was usually sick. Tom soon left for college. He went to the University of Missouri. This is where he got his nickname of Tennessee. He dropped out before receiving his degree because of financial problems. In 1938, he returned to school at the University of Iowa and received his degree. While in college, Tennessee worked many odd jobs. One of these was working at the same company his father did Tennessees dad was an irregular presence in his childhood. He was a constant source of pain though. Tom loved to write as a child and because of this his father called him many names. One nickname his father had for him was Miss Nancy. For this, Tennessee hated his father for many years but later forgave him. Tennessees brother was also not in his life a lot. Later in Tennessees life, he disowned his brother for taking him to the hospital when he was overdosing on drugs. Tennessees sister was named Rose. She was a major part of his life. Even from a young age she was sensitive; most of the time she was moody and withdrawn. Just when Tennessees work was becoming popular, Rose was institutionalized. One minute she would be angry and the next she would be weeping. Roses health started to rapidly decline. Her outbursts got wilde...

Ethical Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Ethical Energy - Essay Example In that, non-renewable resources are against the rights approach, the justice theory and the obligations to future generations approach used in environmental ethics. Renewable resources, on the other hand, present a clean alternative for energy production. Though the land required may be large, such land is available to the state of Belina. The high costs per unit are justified by the low social cost per unit. Therefore, it is recommended that Belina take up a combination of the wind power and biomass energy bids to supply the needs of its population. Renewable resources are energy sources that come from the natural environment (Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development, 1997). The other options to energy sources include use of fossil fuels and nuclear energy. Fossil fuels are finite, expensive to extract, and cause air, water and soil pollution, and produce greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Renewable resources are cleaner alternatives to the problems of pollution and the social inequality that the pollution creates. These resources are also renewable – therefore, they will never run out (West, 2008). Some people are of the view that the connection between economic growth and environmental deterioration is inevitable. Hesburgh (1992) recognizes that the connection between human energy needs and environmental deterioration is as old as human civilization. As man used wood for shelter and warmth, it caused harm to the environment. However, Hesburgh (1992) also explains that the ‘primitive societies were so small and fragile in comparison with the forces of nature with which they contended that their impacts were minimal’. Ausubel (2007) argues that renewable resources for the production of energy may be renewable but they are not green and they are almost as destructive or more destructive for the environment than the non-renewable sources of energy.

Financial ratio analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial ratio analysis - Essay Example The main value of the company lies in providing tasty and healthy foods to the customers by maintaining good quality and reasonable price. The vision of Sainsbury is to be the most trusted retailer, where the customers and employees prefer to shop and work respectively (J Sainsbury Plc., 2015b). During 2014, the underlying sales and profit before tax of the group increased by 2.8% and 5.3% respectively (J Sainsbury Plc., 2015b; J Sainsbury Plc., 2015c). The graph provided below shows the improvement in confidence of the consumer over the past five years. The financial statements of the company are prepared according to International Financial Reporting System (IFRS) (J Sainsbury Plc., 2015c). The company has adopted IFRS as its accounting policies as it is followed in the European Union. Moreover, financial data in the statements are presented in sterling million. It is also prepared with the help of going concern method under the convention of historical cost (J Sainsbury Plc., 2015c). The main purpose of the report is to highlight the financial performance of J Sainsbury Plc through financial ratio analysis. The ratios during the year 2009-2014 are calculated to get a knowledge regarding the financial strength of the company. However, there are various limitations of ratio analysis, which are also depicted in the report. The ratio analysis of Sainsbury is executed in order to understand the financial status of the company. The profitability, efficiency, liquidity, leverage and investment ratio are calculated in order to depict the financial condition of the company. 1) The gross profit margin has increased over the years from 2009 to 2014 as the sales revenue has improved due to the increase in consumer confidence. The cost of sales and the sales revenue is balanced, which have maintained stability among gross profit margin of the years. 2) The net profit margin has remained steady over the years from 2010- 2014 at 3.0%; however, it has

Underage Drinking Essay Example for Free

Underage Drinking Essay Episode 4 Underage Drinking; A National Concern of It’s Always Sunny In Philadelphia addresses underage drinking through politically incorrect satire while still focusing on the seriousness of the subject matter. It is widely known and accepted that alcohol abuse by teenagers is not only a crime; it is also a sorrowful situation when it involves ruining lives and it can even result in death. The cast of It’s Always Sunny In Philadelphia presents a new and obviously demented view point to the subject. The friends portrayed in the show understand teenage drinking is unacceptable and in the opening scenes of this particular episode the cast shares some personal youthful experiences while sitting together in the bar that that is owned collectively by the group. Charlie points out a particularly dangerous moment when he says several times â€Å"Remember when we totaled Ben’s car after we plowed into that tree!† (â€Å"Underage Drinking, A National Concern†). Alcohol use among teens increases dramatically during the high-school years and leads to serious consequences for many teens. As studies by statistics from the National Institute of Health show, each year in the United States, alcohol-related automobile accidents are a major cause of teen deaths. Alcohol is also often a cause in other teenage deaths, including drowning, suicides and homicides. â€Å"Teens who drink are more likely to become sexually active, have sex more frequently and engage in risky, unprotected sex than are teens who dont drink.† (National Institute of Health). For each person who will agree with a specific angle to this subject there will be two who will stand up and disagree. A classic example from this episode is the early comment from Dee, â€Å"[there is] a social responsibility to keep teenagers from drinking.† (â€Å"Underage Drinking, A National Concern†). Obviously this is right thinking however this is the twisted turning point with regards to this episode. It is suggested and then agreed upon to give the local youth a â€Å"safe† place where they can consume alcohol without the worries typically associated with attempting to purchase liquor without valid identification. The topic should be black and  white. There isn’t supposed to be a gray area involving illegal activities and the bottom line is simple; if you’re under 21 you cannot drink alcohol. What happens on the show is especially ironic because the owners of the bar justify making money off of ignorant teenagers while telling each other they’re providing a controlled environment for something that teenagers are going to do anyway. They point out that in many countries the world over it is not uncommon for someone as young as 12 or 13 to be found drinking with some degree of regularity and rationalize that they’re actually providing a community service. Everyone would like to know why teens use drugs and alcohol; some use narcotics to fit in and then become addicted. Others think a more complicated reason exists why people use drugs, especially teenagers. During the teen years, kids are more likely to engage in risky behaviors. The increasing need for teenaged independence may make kids want to defy their parents wishes or instructions as a way of asserting their independence. Peer pressure can also have an effect on an adolescents decision to begin drinking. While much has been written about peer pressure, and its effect should not be ignored, study after study proves that parental involvement carries much more weight. Teenage bodies and minds are still developing, and drinking at that age has a much more negative effect than on an adult The abuse of alcohol by teenagers is a sneaky thing, and many times adults who dont want to believe their children would do that, find out too late that they already have. â€Å"Parents, teachers and social workers need to remain alert to the signs of alcohol abuse in teenagers.† (National Institute of Health). There is a misconception, especially among non-alcoholics, that a teenager is too young to become an alcoholic. This is a subject that is completely overlooked in the episode in spite of the tongue in cheek satire. Some recovering alcoholics can look back through specific teenage years and see that they were drinking as an alcoholic when they were much younger. It is true that most teenagers wont come to grips with their drinking problems until much later in life. Alcoholism does not discriminate against its victims, and it crosses into all age groups. What the show does not focus on ultimately, is that bad choices have bad consequences. If a teenager thinks they have a drinking problem, they should be assisted in finding help and not given rationalizations that offer a quick escape. There are many young people Alcoholics Anonymous groups available today all across the country. They are living their teenage years as it was intended to be, free of alcohol and happy. Underage drinking is a serious and criminal offence and there should be zero tolerance in spite of the success of comedic displays in the media. Works Cited National Institute of Health. Alcoholism When Drinking Becomes a Disease. â€Å"Underage Drinking; A National Concern.† It’s Always Sunny In Philadelphia. By Glenn Howerton. Rob McElhenney. Charlie Day. FX Productions. 18 Aug. 2005.

Essay --

Unemployment literally means a state of unpaid period. An unemployed is available for job, but his status is of no wage. On the contrary an employed man builds a status in the society. If a person does not acquire a job, his credibility and capability is questioned. Ego plays its role in this situation. The male ego is pinched when an unemployed is questioned in the society. INDUTRIAL AND LABOUR RELTIONS REVIEW,VOL 42, NO 3 APRIL 1989 According to US Bureau of Labour Statistics, before 1991 that is prior to the period of liberalization, the unemployment level of females around the year 1986 was estimated to be 6.6%. This study of unemployment rate was on the basis of gender. An unemployment trend has been explained though the National Sample Survey, 68th Round in which it illustrates that rural female’s unemployment rate has declined rapidly after 2004-05(7.0%) to 6.2% in 2011-12. Study on urban female unemployment rate it was 9.4% in 1999-2000 but declined drastically by 2011-12 and was estimated to be at 8.0%. The study shows the rise in woman workers seeking work both in rural and urban areas. Due to the female workers stepping into the work market, the unemployment rate has marginally declined meaning many found jobs. Case of unemployment alone is not the issue creating the masculinity crisis. Low waged workers also have an impact. This is due to the reason of men v/s men comparison in a particular society. Men of same age group when placed in different jobs face a clash of wage followed by silent hatred. Employment illustrates independence, respect and status in the society one lives in. Especially when highly educated men are unable to fix into a job, it is a matter of their personality crushing. The man of the socie... ... masculinities, this has created a level of tension among men in Haryana. According to 1991 Census 36.24% of the in the category of 15-44 years of age in Haryana was categorized under unmarried. In districts like Rohtak the percentage unmarried male was 44%. The reason cited was the polygamy, widower remarriage, and still existent custom of bride price among the lower strata. For the reasons cited, female sex ratio plays a major role. Aggression leads to worsening of relations between a man and woman or between two men. In the state, the situation of hypergamous marriages is model , where there are brides at the top. This has led to in a situation where employed male is in favourable position in context to get married while on the other hand the unemployed are not in such a position. With respect to marriage, the employed men are apt option than the unemployed.

Poverty: Comparative Analysis of China and India

University of National and world economy economic sociology paper [pic] Poverty: Comparative Analysis of China and India WRITTEN BY mANOL MANOLOV ECONOMICS IN ENGLISH 131 FACULTY No: 29114055 TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1. Introduction to ‘poverty’ in the world †¢ Causes of poverty †¢ Effects of poverty †¢ Global analysis of world poverty †¢ Analysis of East-Asian region 2. Analysis of poverty in India †¢ Overview †¢ Historical trend †¢ Urban poverty †¢ Rural poverty †¢ Indian economic development 3. Analysis of poverty in China †¢ Overview †¢ Historical background Analysis of characteristics of China’s poverty †¢ Recent economic growth in China †¢ Connection between the Economic growth and Poverty reduction 4. International cooperation for reducing poverty 1. Introduction to ‘poverty’ in the world According to the World Bank (2000), â€Å"poverty is pronounced deprivation in well-being†. This of course begs the question of what is meant by well-being. One approach is to think of one’s well-being as the command over commodities in general, so people are better off if they have a greater command over resources.In this view, the main focus is on whether households or individuals have enough resources to meet their needs. Typically poverty is then measured by comparing an individual’s income or consumption with some defined threshold below which they are considered to be poor. This is the most conventional view – poverty is seen largely in monetary terms. This also is the starting point for most analyses of poverty. A second approach to well-being (and hence poverty) is to ask whether people are able to obtain a specific type of consumption good: do they have enough food? Or shelter? Or health care? Or education?In this view the analyst would need to go beyond the more traditional monetary measures of poverty and analyze an individual’s depri vation of education, nutrition, clothing, shelter etc. Perhaps the broadest approach to well-being (and poverty) is the one articulated by Amartya Sen (1987), who argues that well-being comes from a â€Å"capability’’ to function in society. Thus poverty arises when people lack key capabilities, and so have inadequate income or education, or poor health, or insecurity, or low self confidence, or a sense of powerlessness, or the absence of rights such as freedom of speech.Viewed in this way, poverty is a multi-dimensional phenomenon, and less amenable to simple solutions. Around the world, in rich or poor nations, poverty has always been present. In most nations today, inequality—the gap between the rich and the poor—is quite high and often widening. The causes are numerous, including a lack of individual responsibility, bad government policy, exploitation by people and businesses with power and influence, or some combination of these and other factors.Ma ny feel that high levels of inequality will affect social cohesion and lead to problems such as increasing crime and violence. †¢ Causes of poverty Poverty is caused by two basic things: scarcity of basic needs and barriers to opportunities. In the past poverty had been mostly accepted as inevitable as economies produced little while populations grew almost as fast making wealth scarce. Food shortages  were common before the appearance of modern agricultural technology. However, nowadays there are well enough places that still lack such technology, leading to poverty rates being retained or even raised.On the other hand, intensive farming often leads to a vicious cycle of exhaustion of soil fertility and decline of agricultural yields. Approximately 40% of the world's agricultural land is seriously degraded. Health care can be widely unavailable too. The loss of health care workers emigrating from impoverished countries has a damaging effect. For example, an estimated 100,000 Philippine nurses emigrated between 1994 and 2006. There are more Ethiopian doctors in Chicago than there are in Ethiopia.There are also a lot of factors of living, closely connected with poverty. Colonial history, centralization of power, corruption, warfare, environmental degradation and social inequality are factors on which the development of a nation or state is fully dependent. Moreover, warfare, unproductive agricultural cycles, drought and flooding and all kinds of natural disasters are factors which directly lead to poverty of any kind. Such factors are known as acute causes of poverty. †¢ Effects of poverty Poor health and education severely affects productivity.Inadequate nutrition in childhood undermines the ability of individuals to develop their full capabilities. The lack of economic freedom inhibits entrepreneurship among the poor. New enterprises and foreign investment can be driven away by the results of inefficient institutions, notably corruption, weak rule of law and excessive bureaucratic burdens. In reality, behind the increasing interconnectedness promised by globalization are global decisions, policies, and practices. These are typically influenced, driven, or formulated by the rich and powerful.These can be leaders of rich countries or other global actors such as multinational corporations, institutions, and influential people. In the face of such enormous external influence, the governments of poor nations and their people are often powerless. As a result, in the global context, a few get wealthy while the majority struggle. †¢ global analysis on world poverty The world has the wealth and means to end poverty. Almost half the world — over three billion people — live on less than $2. 50 a day And over 11 million children will die from poverty-related illness this year alone.This is the reality – the difference between the â€Å"developing† and â€Å"developed† countries is huge. [pic] In 2 005, the wealthiest 20% of the world accounted for 76. 6% of total private consumption. The poorest fifth just 1. 5%: [pic] Relatively to the graph above, the poorest 40 percent of the world’s population accounts for 5 percent of global income. The richest 20 percent account for three-quarters of world income. Nearly a billion people entered the 21st century unable to read a book or sign their names.Less than one per cent of what the world spent every year on weapons was needed to put every child into school by the year 2000 and yet it didn’t happen. Of 2. 2 billion children in the world 1 billion are in poverty (every second child). For the 2 billion children in the developing world there are 640 million without adequate shelter (1 in 3), 400 million with no access to safe water (1 in 5) and 270 million with no access to health service (1 in 7). A lot more facts can be displayed in order to portray the tremendous ratio of poverty and well-being in the world today. â⠂¬ ¢ Analysis of East-Asian regionThe role of social policy and particularly social security in addressing the ongoing challenge of poverty in East Asia is huge despite the region’s spectacular experience of economic growth in decent decades. The East Asian miracle resulted over the last four decades in a transformation of the region’s traditional agrarian economies and significant increases in standards of living for many ordinary people. Even though it was given little attention, poverty has remained an ongoing problem. The problem became particularly evident however with the Asian financial crisis of 1997 when many low income and middle class workers became unemployed.As a result of this crisis, the need for effective social policies and social security programs were recognized. The idea that economic growth would solve the problem of poverty was increasingly challenged. Even in China today, where rapid growth has created new employment opportunities and the promise of prosperity for many, the government has recognized that the problem of poverty cannot be addressed only through economic growth but that comprehensive social policies must be formulated, and this includes the development of an effective security system.It is claimed that the East Asian nations had not only solved the problem of poverty but were likely to maintain high standards of living for their citizens for many years to come. There were many references to what was called the â€Å"Asian Century† at the 2008 World Economic Forum at Davos which implied that the East Asian nations had not only achieved economic success but were likely to dominate global trade and finance in the future.This notion perpetuates the idea that economic growth is the solution to the poverty problem. However, the seriousness of the problem of poverty is seldom missed by journalists and the main stress is put on the vast economic development. While the incidence of absolute poverty associated wi th subsistence agriculture and urban, informal economic activities has declined dramatically, this does not mean that poverty and relative deprivation have been eradicated.Indeed, it became painfully clear in the late 1990s that the East Asian economies were vulnerable to global economic shocks and ill prepared to address the challenge of rising unemployment, homelessness and other social ills. Analysis of the World Bank show, that in recent years poverty in the region has decreased from 2% in Korea up to more than 10% in Malaysia. Poverty declines in China and India have been particularly sizable. The table below shows the proportion of population below the poverty line of 1$ per day: Country |1990 |Latest Year | |People’s Republic of China |33% |10. 8% (2004) | |Mongolia |27. 3% |11% (2002) | |Indonesia |20. 6% |4% (2005) | |Malaysia |

The And International Political And Legal Sphere Essay

The status quo is something that seemingly flawed, according to many political theorists. In the writings of Chantal Delsol, the problems of the current international political and legal sphere are examined and deciphered to fix all of the â€Å"problems† that, according to Delsol, plague society. In Unjust Justice, she brings a realist approach to international law similar to Hans Morgenthau, arguing that the state of anarchy with is fueled through plurality is more favorable to an international state of monopolized ideals. Grappling with the idealism and realism, Chantal Delsol adopts the ideas of many political theorists to paint a picture of ideal international politics by discussing war and international law from a lens of an idealist while embracing the principles of realism when evaluating morality. When discussing all topics, Delsol consistently pushes the need for diversity and how it is necessary for political life and achieving the common good – Aristotle. Delsol argues that it is â€Å"secret dream of Western Europe since at least the twentieth century, the dream of replacing politics.† (Unjust Justice, 102) She points out that there can be no politics if there was a homogenous international law or morality Quoting memorie du ma ,tentation du bien, Delsol points out that â€Å"several conceptions of the good can coexist,†(36) which furthers her point of international law pointing out that it â€Å"imposes† (36) one truth on all people and banishes the opportunity to discuss whatShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Martial Law Era in Taiwan1599 Words   |  7 PagesTaiwan in 1949 along with the Wartime Temporary Provisions and at the same time the Constitution was suspended (Hsiao and Hsiao, 2001: 4). Along came prohibition formation of new political par ties, and it gave the secret police, which had wide-ranging powers to arrest anyone voicing criticism of government policy (International Committee for Human Rights in Taiwan, 1987: 3). 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